# Seymour Ginsburg

Seymour Ginsburg
Born December 12, 1927[1]
Brooklyn[1]
Died December 5, 2004
Residence U.S.
Nationality U.S.
Fields Computer Science
Institutions University of Southern California,
University of Miami
Alma mater City College of New York,
University of Michigan
Doctoral advisor Ben Dushnik
Known for Formal Language Theory,
Abstract Families of Languages,
Database theory,
Object Histories

Seymour Ginsburg (1927–2004) was a pioneer of automata theory, formal language theory, and database theory, in particular; and computer science, in general. His work was influential in distinguishing theoretical Computer Science from the disciplines of Mathematics and Electrical Engineering.

During his career, Ginsburg published over 100 papers and three books on various topics in theoretical Computer Science.

## Biography

Seymour Ginsburg received his B.S. from City College of New York in 1948, where along with fellow student Martin Davis he attended an honors mathematics class taught by Emil Post.[2] He earned a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1952, studying under Ben Dushnik.

Ginsburg's professional career began in 1951 when he accepted a position as Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the University of Miami in Florida. He turned his attention wholly towards Computer Science in 1955, when he moved to California to work for the Northrop Corporation. He followed this with positions at the National Cash Register Corporation, Hughes Aircraft, and System Development Corporation.

At SDC, Ginsburg first concentrated on the theory of abstract machines.[3] He subsequently formed and led a research project dedicated to formal language theory and the foundations of Computer Science. Members of the research group included: Sheila Greibach, Mike Harrison, Gene Rose, Ed Spanier, and Joe Ullian. The work that came out of this group distinguished Computer Science theory from other fields, putting Ginsburg at the center of what became the theoretical Computer Science community.[4]

It was during the SDC years that a young Jeff Ullman spent one summer working for Ginsburg, learning both formal language theory and a broad approach to research in Computer Science theory. Al Aho credited Ullman's summer with Ginsburg as being highly influential on Aho's career in Computer Science. In an interview, Aho recalled that there was little Computer Science at Princeton while he was studying for his PhD. However, after Ullman returned from his summer with Ginsburg, he stated that Ullman "essentially taught Hopcroft, and me, formal language theory".[5]

Ginsburg joined the faculty of University of Southern California in 1966 where he helped to establish the Computer Science department in 1968. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1974 and spent the year touring the world, lecturing on the areas of theoretical Computer Science which he had helped to create. Ginsburg was named the first Fletcher Jones Professor of Computer Science at USC in 1978, a chair he held until his retirement in 1999. He continued his work on formal language theory and automata through the 1970s.

At USC in the 1980s, Ginsburg created a research group dedicated to Database theory. He organized the first PODS (Symposium on Principles of Database Systems) in Marina del Rey in 1982 and was a moving force at the conference into the 1990s. He was honored with a surprise session at the 1992 PODS on the occasion of his 64th birthday. A festschrift edited by Jeff Ullman was created in his honor for the occasion.[6]

Ginsburg's career ended suddenly in 1999 when he was diagnosed with the onset of Alzheimer's disease. He retired from active teaching and became Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at USC. He spent his last years in declining health until dying on December 5, 2004.

Ginsburg was remembered fondly in a memorial published in the ACM SIGMOD Record[4] in 2005. Beyond his contributions to Computer Science theory, he was remembered for the clarity of focus he brought to research and the seriousness with which he took his role as an advisor to PhD students. He was also remembered for his generous support of younger researchers. Those who benefitted from Ginsburg's mentorship, who were not also his PhD students, included: Jonathan Goldstine, Sheila Greibach, Michael Harrison, Richard Hull, and Jeff Ullman.

## Professional Contributions

Ginsburg's early work concentrated on automata theory. In 1958, he proved that "don't-care" circuit minimization does not necessarily yield a minimal result.[7] His work in automata theory led the switching theory community into a more theoretical direction. This work culminated in the publication of a book on the mathematics of machines in 1962.[8]

Ginsburg turned his attention to formal language theory in the 1960s. He studied context-free grammars and published a well-known comprehensive overview of context-free languages in 1966.[9] Ginsburg was the first to observe the connection between context-free languages and "ALGOL-like" languages.[10] This brought the field of formal language theory to bear on programming language research. Ginsburg's results on context-free grammars and push-down acceptors are considered to be some of the deepest and most beautiful in the area. They remain standard tools for many computer scientists working in the areas of formal languages and automata.[4] Many of his papers at this time were co-authored with other prominent formal language researchers, including Sheila Greibach, and Michael A. Harrison.

The unification of different views of formal systems was a constant theme in Ginsburg's work.[4] In formal language theory his papers examined the relationships between grammar-based systems, acceptor-based systems, and algebraic characterizations of families of languages. The culmination of this work was the creation of one of the deepest branches of Computer Science, Abstract Families of Languages, in collaboration with Sheila Greibach in 1967.[11][12]

In 1974, Ginsburg, along with Armin Cremers, developed the theory of Grammar Forms.[13][14][15]

In the 1980s, Ginsburg became an early pioneer in the field of Database Theory. He continued to work in this field until his retirement. His professional contributions spanned subjects as diverse as Functional dependency,[16][17] object histories,[18] spreadsheet histories,[19] Datalog,[20] and data restructuring.[21]

## References

1. ^ a b Allen G. Debus (ed.): World Who’s who in Science: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Scientists from Antiquity to the Present. Marquis Who’s Who, Chicago 1968, S. 658.
2. ^ Urquhart, Alasdair (2009), "Emil Post", in Gabbay, Dov M.; Woods, John, Logic from Russell to Church, Handbook of the History of Logic 5, North Holland, ISBN 978-0-444-51620-6
3. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour (1961), Commun. ACM 4 (4): 195
4. ^ a b c d Abiteboul, S.; Hull, R.; Vianu, V. (March 2005), "In memory of Seymour Ginsburg, 1928-2004", ACM SIGMOD Record 34 (1)
5. ^ An interview of Al Aho by Professor M.S. Mahoney
6. ^ Jeff Ullman, ed. (1992), To Seymour Ginsburg on the occasion of his $2^6$ birthday, Theoretical Studies in Computer Science, Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-708240-9
7. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour (1959), "On the Reduction of Superfluous States in a Sequential Machine", J. ACM 6 (2): 259–282, doi:10.1145/320964.320983
8. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour (1962), Introduction to Mathematical Machine Theory, Addison Wesley
9. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour (1966), The Mathematical Theory of Context-free Languages, New York, San Francisco, St. Louis, Toronto, London, Sydney: McGraw-Hill
10. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour; Rice, H. Gordon (1962), "Two Families of Languages Related to ALGOL", J. ACM 9 (3): 350–371, doi:10.1145/321127.321132
11. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour; Greibach, Sheila A. (1967), "Abstract Families of Languages", FOCS: 128–139
12. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour (1975), 'Algebraic and automata theoretic properties of formal languages, North-Holland, ISBN 0-7204-2506-9
13. ^ Gabrielian, Armen; Ginsburg, Seymour (1974), "Grammar Schemata", J. ACM 21 (2): 213–226, doi:10.1145/321812.321817
14. ^ Cremers, Armin B.; Ginsburg, Seymour (1974), "Context-Free Grammar Forms", in Jacques Loeckx, Automata, Languages and Programming, 2nd Colloquium, University of Saarbrücken, July 29 - August 2, 1974, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer) 14, ISBN 3-540-06841-4
15. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour (1977), "A survey of grammar forms - 1977", Acta Cybern. 3: 269–280
16. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour; Hull, Richard (1981), "Characterization for Functional Dependency and Boyce-Codd Normal Form Databases", XP2 Workshop on Relational Database Theory
17. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour; Zaiddan, Sami Mohammed (1982), "Properties of functional-dependency families", J. ACM 29 (3): 678–698, doi:10.1145/322326.322331
18. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour; Tanaka, Katsumi (1986), "Computation-Tuple Sequences and Object Histories", ACM Trans. Database Syst. 11 (2): 186–212, doi:10.1145/5922.5924
19. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour; Kurtzman, Stephen (1988), "Object-History and Spreadsheet P-Simulation", in Marc Gyssens; Jan Paredaens; Dirk Van Gucht, ICDT'88, 2nd International Conference on Database Theory, Bruges, Belgium, August 31 - September 2, 1988, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer) 326: 383–395, ISBN 3-540-50171-1
20. ^ Dong, Guozhu; Ginsburg, Seymour (1990), "On the Decomposition of Datalog Program Mappings", Theor. Comput. Sci. 76 (1): 143–177, doi:10.1016/0304-3975(90)90015-A
21. ^ Ginsburg, Seymour; Shu, Nan C.; Simovici, Dan A. (1999), "Automatic Data Restructuring", J. UCS 5 (4): 243–299