Seyyedeh Khatun

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Seyyedeh Malek Khatun (Persian: سیده ملک خاتون‎) (died 1029) was a Sultaness of Buwayhids (Deylamids) of Ray (Rages), Isfahan and Hamadan (Buwayhid dynasty of Iran). After the death of her husband Fakhr od-Dowleh the Deylamid, her 4-year old son, Majd od-Dowleh (993–1029), officially inherited the reign, however she was the true ruler up until her death.

During her rule, she was able to protect her realm against powerful opponents, such as Mahmud of Ghazni and Ghaboos of Ziyarid, by her insightful policies. It was said that when the army of Mahmud of Ghazni approached Ray, Seyyedeh Khatun rejected an offer to surrender despite the fact that her defenses were greatly outnumbered. She responded with a letter, stating “We will fight and if I prevail, it will be known everywhere that I conquered great Mahmud. But if you prevail, will you announce that you had conquered a woman?” Shortly after her death, Mahmud of Ghazni captured Ray and the Buwayhid realm of Ray, Hamadan and Isfahan came to its end.

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