Iranian monarchy
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| Shah of Iran | ||
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 The Lion and Sun in the Sadabad Palace, Tehran |
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| Mohammed Reza Pahlavi and his wife, Empress Farah | ||
| First monarch | Shah Ismail I (Safavid Dynasty) | |
| Last monarch | Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (Pahlavi Dynasty) | |
| Style | His Imperial Majesty | |
| Official Residence | Sadabad Palace, Tehran, Iran | |
| Monarchy started | 1501 | |
| Monarchy ended | February 11, 1979 | |
What is known as the Iranian monarchy went through many transformations over the centuries, from the days of the Persian Empire to the establishment of the modern day Persia, Iran.
The title, when used by Westerners today, generally refers to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shahanshah. According to royal order of precedence, the Shahanshah was equal in status to an Emperor. From the time of the Islamic conquest of Persia until 1967, when Farah Pahlavi was crowned empress, the monarch's wife usually bore the title of Shahbanou.
The modern Iranian monarchy was established in 1501 after the Safavid dynasty came to power under Shah Ismail I, and ended the so-called "fourth era" of political fragmentation.[citation needed]
For most of its existence, Iran has been ruled by absolute monarchy. During the Persian Constitutional Revolution in 1905-11, Iran became a constitutional monarchy, which it remained until 1925. Reza Shah overthrew Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty, and founded the Pahlavi Dynasty.
The monarchy was abolished in 1979 when a revolution, led by Ayatollah Khomeini, pressured the last Pahlavi shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, into exile, and established an Islamic Republic.
Contents |
[edit] Rulers of Persia/Iran since Safavids
[edit] Safavid Dynasty
- Ismail I 1502-1524
- Tahmasp I 1524-1576
- Ismail II 1576-1577
- Mohammed Khodabanda 1577
- Abbas I, the Great 1577-1629
- Safi 1629-1642
- Abbas II 1642-1666
- Suleiman I 1666-1694
- Soltan Hosein 1694-1722
- Tahmasp II 1722-1732
- Abbas III 1732-1736
[edit] Afghan Dynasty
- Mir Mahmud Hotaki 1722-1725
- Ashraf Hotaki 1725-1730
[edit] Afsharid Dynasty
- Nader Shah 1736-1747
- Adil Shah 1747-1748
- Ebrahim Afshar 1748
- Shah Rukh 1748-1796
[edit] Zand Dynasty
The Zands were never actually Shahs, although they exercized that power. They instead used the title (Vakil ar-Ra'aayaa وکیل الرعایا, President).
- Karim Khan 1750-1779
- Abol Fath Khan 1779
- Mohammad Ali Khan 1779
- Sadiq Khan 1779-1781
- Ali Murad Khan 1781-1785
- Jafar Khan 1785-1789
- Lotf Ali Khan 1789-1794
[edit] Qajar Dynasty
- Mohammad Khan Qajar 1794-1797
- Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar 1797-1834
- Mohammad Shah Qajar 1834-1848
- Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar 1848-1896
- Mozzafar al-Din Shah Qajar 1896-1907
- Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar 1907-1909
- Ahmad Shah Qajar 1909-1925
[edit] Post-Imperial Heads of Qajar Dynasty (1925-Present)
- Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar (1925-1930)
- Fereydoun Mirza (1930-1975)
- Soltan Hamid Mirza (1975-1988)
- Soltan Mahmoud Mirza (1988)
- Soltan Ali Mirza Qajar (1988-present)
[edit] Pahlavi Dynasty
After 1935, Persia becomes known to the West by its native name, Iran.
- Reza Shah Pahlavi 1925-1941
- Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi 1941-1979
[edit] Post-Imperial Heads of Pahlavi Dynasty (1979-Present)
- Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1979-1980)
- Reza Pahlavi (1980-)
[edit] Supreme Leaders of the Islamic Republic (1979-Present)
- Ruhollah Khomeini 1979-1989
- Ali Khamanei (1989-Present)
