Shakhty
| Shakhty (English) Шахты (Russian) |
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| - City[citation needed] - | |
 A view of the city from the XBK region |
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.svg) Location of Rostov Oblast in Russia |
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 Shakhty
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| Coordinates: 47°42′N 40°14′E / 47.7°N 40.233°ECoordinates: 47°42′N 40°14′E / 47.7°N 40.233°E | |
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| City Day | Third Sunday of September[citation needed] |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Rostov Oblast |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Shakhty Urban Okrug[citation needed] |
| Mayor[citation needed] | Vladimir Mamonov (acting)[1] |
| Representative body | City Duma[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 158.2 km2 (61.1 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
240,152 inhabitants[2] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 78th |
| Population (2002 Census) | 222,592 inhabitants[3] |
| - Rank in 2002 | 83rd |
| Density | 1,518 /km2 (3,930 /sq mi)[4] |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00)[5] |
| Founded | October 3, 1867[citation needed] |
| Postal code(s) | 346500[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8636[citation needed] |
| Official website | |
Shakhty (Russian: Ша́хты) is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the southeastern spur of Donetsk mountain ridge, 75 kilometres (47 mi) northeast of Rostov-on-Don. Its population was 240,152 per the preliminary results of the 2010 Census;[2] up from 222,592 recorded in the 2002 Census.[3]
Contents |
[edit] History
Many hundreds ago in 1805 a sergeant-major Popov founded a small settlement near the river Grushevka. Later it was named Popovka. In 1809 Popov built the first mine. Twelve cossacks and fourteen serf-peasants lived in Popovka at that time. Those serf-peasants were the first miners. In October 3, 1867 as Gornoye Grushevskoye (Горное Грушевское) settlement. From 1881 to 1921, it was called Alexandrovsk-Grushevsky (Александровск-Грушевский).
By 1914, the population had reached 54,000. The main source of income was coal mining, which had been carried out in that region since the 18th century. The population was poor, but the town had rail, telegraph and telephone networks, electricity and plumbing as well as libraries, hospitals and a post office. Most of the merchants and industrialists lived in Rostov and Novocherkassk.[6]
1917 saw the city change hands three times, until it was taken on April 28, 1919, by the Don Army, under General Fitzkhelaurov. For twenty months it was independent of the Bolsheviks, but was ravaged by typhoid.
On January 13, 1921 it was finally given its present name. The name "Shakhty" ("mine shafts" in English) was chosen, because of the city's association with coal mining. During the 1920s, many of the churches and the archives were destroyed. As with the rest of the Soviet Union, the same street names were changed.
In July 1942, during the Great Patriotic War, the town was occupied by the Germans; many coal pits and buildings were blown up by the Germans during their retreat in February, 1943. Twenty-nine of the townsmen were awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1948, production levels in the mines reached what they had been before the war. During the Leonid Brezhnev years, the city was at the height of its development, with a population of over 250,000, and about ten million tons of coal being mined each year.
Perestroika proved devastating for the city, as mines were privatized and shut down, causing massive unemployment, which led to a severe rise in crime and drug abuse. Today Shakhty is the main industrial center of the Eastern Donbass. The city is also one of the main producers and exporters of tile in Eastern Europe, Shakhtinskaya Plitka.
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin towns/sister cities
Shakhty is twinned with:
[edit] Historical concepts
Outside Russia at least, the town is mainly known because of the Shakhty Trial of 1928, a precursor of the show trials of the 1930s, and for being the scene of many of Andrei Chikatilo's murders.
[edit] References
- ^ Official website of Shakhty Administration. Vladimir Nikiforovich Mamonov (Russian)
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ shakhty.su: History
[edit] External links
- Shakhty портал г. Шахты (Russian)
- Official site of the city (Russian)
- Site of partnership Schachty - Gelsenkirchen (Russian)(German)
- Иванов И.И., Кавинская Ю.П. "My native town Shakhty", Шахты 2005
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