Shared decision-making

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from Shared decision making)
Jump to: navigation, search

Shared decision making is an approach where clinicians and patients communicate together using the best available evidence when faced with the task of making decisions, where patients are supported to deliberate about the possible attributes and consequences of options, to arrive at informed preferences in making a determination about the best action and which respects patient autonomy, where this is desired, ethical and legal.

One of the first instances where the term ‘shared decision making’ was used was in a report entitled the ‘President's Commission for The Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical Research.[1] This work built on the increasing interest in patient-centredness and an increasing emphasis on recognising patient autonomy in health care interactions since the 1970s.[2][3]

Charles described a set of principles for shared decision making, stating “that at least two participants, the clinician and patient be involved; that both parties share information; that both parties take steps to build a consensus about the preferred treatment; and that an agreement is reached on the treatment to implement".[4] These principles rely on an eventual arrival at an agreement but this final principle is not fully accepted by others in the field.[5] The view that it is acceptable to agree to disagree is also regarded as an acceptable outcome of shared decision making.[6]

Elwyn described a set of competences for shared decision making, which are composed of the steps of defining the problem which requires a decision, the portrayal of equipoise and the uncertainty about the best course of action, thereby leading to the requirement to provide information about the attributes of available options and support a deliberation process.[7] An assessment scale to measure the extent to which clinicians involve patients in decision making has been developed[8] and translated into Dutch, Chinese, French, German, Spanish and Italian (Option Instrument).

Many researchers and practitioners in this field meet every two years at the International Shared Decision Making (ISDM) Conference, which have been held at Oxford in 2001, Swansea in 2003, Ottawa in 2005, Freiburg in 2007, Boston in 2009 and Maastricht in 2011. The next conference is scheduled to be in Lima, Peru in 2013. Shared decision making is also closely associated with the use of decision support interventions, also known as decision aids. Much of the research and implementation studies to date are contained in the following publication: Shared Decision Making in Healthcare: Evidence-based Patient Choice. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.[9]

In December 2010 a Salzburg Global Seminar focused on "The Greatest Untapped Resource in Healthcare? Informing and Involving Patients in Decisions about Their Medical Care." Powerful conclusions emerged among the 58 participants from 18 countries: not only is it ethically right that patients should be involved more closely in decisions about their own medical care and the risks involved, it is practical – through careful presentation of information and the use of decision aids/pathways – and it brings down costs. Unwarranted practice variations – where one area may have many more interventions than another, but with no better outcomes – are reduced, sometimes dramatically. So why is it that this ‘win-win’ approach is not better understood? Following the seminar the participants created the Salzburg Statement on Shared Decision Making launched in London by the BMJ, one of the world’s leading medical journals, and released to the press worldwide to stimulate attention and debate.[10]

Contents

The National Shared Decision Making Programme in the UK [edit]

The aim of the Right Care Shared Decision Making Programme is to embed Shared Decision Making in NHS care. This is part of the wider ambition to promote patient centred care, to increase patient choice, autonomy and involvement in clinical decision making and make “no decision about me, without me” a reality.The Shared Decision Making programme is part of the Quality Improvement Productivity and Prevention (QIPP) Right Care programme.In 2012, the programme entered an exciting new phase and, through three workstreams, is aiming to embed the practice of shared decision making among patients and those who support them, and among health professionals and their educators.[11] One of the components of the National Programme is the work of the Advancing Quality Alliance (AQuA) - who are tasked with creating a receptive culture for shared decision making with patients and health professionals.

References [edit]

  1. ^ President's Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry (1998). "Quality First: Better Health Care for All Americans". 
  2. ^ Engel GL (May 1980). "The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model". Am J Psychiatry 137 (5): 535–44. PMID 7369396. 
  3. ^ Levenstein JH (1984). "The patient-centred general practice consultation". South African Family Practice 5: 276–82. 
  4. ^ Charles C, Gafni A, Whelan T (March 1997). "Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean? (or it takes at least two to tango)". Soc Sci Med 44 (5): 681–92. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00221-3. PMID 9032835. 
  5. ^ Makoul G, Clayman ML (March 2006). "An integrative model of shared decision making in medical encounters". Patient Educ Couns 60 (3): 301–12. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2005.06.010. PMID 16051459. 
  6. ^ Elwyn G, Edwards A, Kinnersley P (June 1999). "Shared decision-making in primary care: the neglected second half of the consultation". Br J Gen Pract 49 (443): 477–82. PMC 1313449. PMID 10562751. 
  7. ^ Elwyn G, Edwards A, Kinnersley P, Grol R (November 2000). "Shared decision making and the concept of equipoise: the competences of involving patients in healthcare choices". Br J Gen Pract 50 (460): 892–9. PMC 1313854. PMID 11141876. 
  8. ^ Elwyn G, Hutchings H, Edwards A, et al. (March 2005). "The OPTION scale: measuring the extent that clinicians involve patients in decision-making tasks". Health Expect 8 (1): 34–42. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2004.00311.x. PMID 15713169. 
  9. ^ Elwyn, Glyn; Edwards, Adrian (2009). Shared decision-making in health care: Achieving evidence-based patient choice (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-954627-4. 
  10. ^ Salzburg Global Seminar (2011-03-22). "The Salzburg Statement on Shared Decision Making". BMJ. Retrieved 28 March 2011. 
  11. ^ "NHS Shared Decision Making Programme". Retrieved 29 December 2012. 

External links [edit]

See also [edit]

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shared_decision-making&oldid=545663294"