Shelby M. Jackson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Shelby M. Jackson
Louisiana Superintendent of Education
In office 1948 – 1964
Succeeded by	William Joseph "Bill" Dodd
Born	November 20, 1903(1903-11-20) Concordia Parish, Louisiana, USA
Died	January 1972 (age 68)
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Phoebe S. Jackson
Occupation	Educator

Shelby M. Jackson (November 20, 1903 - January 1972) was a Democratic superintendent of public education in Louisiana who served from 1948-1964. In the early 1960s, he tried in vain to block federally-authorized school desegregation. Jackson was posthumously honored in 1994, by the naming of the "Shelby M. Jackson Memorial Campus" of Louisiana Technical College in Ferriday in his native Concordia Parish.

A former educator, Jackson was elected four times as his state's school superintendent. In his last reelection in April 1960, he overwhelmed the first Republican ever to seek the Louisiana superintendency, Centenary College professor Donald Emerich. Jackson polled 86.7 percent of the two-party vote, to Emerich's 13.3 percent. Jackson became well-known politically through his tenure as superintendent. For sixteen years, nearly every child's report card in the state bore Jackson's stenciled signature.

Jackson, as superintendent, advocated increased state spending on education, but not federal financing. In a 1962 address in Minden, he said that inadequate financing and federal control of education were great dangers to public schools. He said that local administrators should not be burdened with finances but instead focus their time on strengthening instruction. He claimed that the interest group, the NAACP, followed 14-point goals set by the Communist Party of the United States. "We must do everything we can to place the United States first over all other nations and maintain our sovereignty."^[1]

Contents 1 Jackson runs for governor, 1963 2 Dodd's dirty trick on Jackson 3 Shelby M. Jackson Campus 4 References

[edit] Jackson runs for governor, 1963

see main article: Louisiana gubernatorial election, 1963-64

Continuing his strong segregationist position, Jackson had on November 13, 1960, declared a school holiday in an attempt to thwart court-ordered school desegregation in New Orleans, where the first race mixing was implemented in Louisiana schools.

Jackson was hospitalized in 1961 for several weeks but recovered. A journalist described him as "a militant anti-communist . . . whose speeches run pretty long and are sometimes repetitive. He does not have good relations with some of the press. He can be pretty stubborn. He rarely seems relaxed."^[2]

As expected, Jackson entered the 1963 Democratic gubernatorial primary. He campaigned on an intraparty "ticket" with New Orleans attorney Harry R. Cabral (1926-1998), who sought the position of lieutenant governor against the incumbent conservative Clarence C. Aycock of Franklin in St. Mary Parish. Jackson was said to represent "dissent against the 'liberal' tendencies in both state and national government" and seemingly expected to "ride the current wave of 'conservative' protest into office."^[3]

Jackson finished fifth with 103,945 votes (11.5 percent).

Had he run for a fifth term as superintendent and not for governor, it has been speculated that a clear majority of his votes would have otherwise gone to the fourth-place candidate, former Governor Robert F. Kennon of Minden, the seat of Webster Parish. Therefore, with more than half of Jackson's votes added to his total, Kennon, not fellow Democrat John Julian McKeithen, would have entered the party runoff primary with the Number 1 candidate, former New Orleans Mayor deLesseps Story "Chep" Morrison, Sr.

One may indeed argue that Jackson had little chance of being governor, but he inadvertently denied Kennon the likelihood of a second nonconsecutive term. Jackson endorsed the successful McKeithen in the runoff with Morrison. Cabral finished far behind in the lieutenant governor's race as well, with victory going to the conservative Aycock.

[edit] Dodd's dirty trick on Jackson

Jackson was succeeded as superintendent by his fellow Democrat, William J. "Bill" Dodd, who served from 1964-1972. Dodd claimed in his memoirs Peapatch Politics that he and his friends encouraged Jackson to run for governor to clear the way for Dodd to seek the superintendency. Dodd said that many of his own backers sent personal letters to Jackson with $1 bills as campaign contributions to demonstrate "grass-roots" support for the segregationist candidate. And Jackson fell for Dodd's bait—entering a gubernatorial race that he could not win and surrendering his superintendency, which he may well have retained had he sought a fifth term. It was a "dirty trick" to which Dodd confesses in his memoirs.

Dodd said that Jackson had tried to capitalize on the desegregation crisis: "Shelby Jackson was too dumb and schoolteacherish to use his great opportunities effectively. Too, my being on the [state education] board and gigging him quietly didn't help his cause much."

[edit] Shelby M. Jackson Campus

Jackson's widow, Phoebe S. Jackson (September 3, 1904—November 5, 2005), left an endowment for the renamed Shelby M. Jackson Campus in 1994 and then expanded the financial support in 1997. It had been originally Concordia Parish Trade School, then Concordia Vocational-Technical School, and then Concordia Technical Institute until it was renamed in honor of Jackson.

[edit] References

William J. "Bill" Dodd, Peapatch Politics, Baton Rouge: Claitor's Publishing, 1991

http://www.townofferriday.com/custom/webpage.cfm?content=News&id=644

http://www.sec.state.la.us/Museums/OSC/month/day-nov.htm

http://www.state.la.us/opb/exec-bud00/19-vtec/19-764.html