Shenzhen Metro

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Shenzhen Metro
SZMetro logos.svg
Background
Locale Shenzhen
Transit type Rapid transit
Number of lines 5
Number of stations 137
Daily ridership

2.45 million (March 2013 Avg.)[1]

3.049 million (May 2013 record)[2]
Annual ridership 781 million (2012)[3]
Website www.szmc.net
www.szmtr.net
www.mtrsz.com.cn
Operation
Began operation 28 December 2004
Operator(s) Shenzhen Metro Co.,Ltd
Shenzhen Metro No.3 Line Operations Branch Co.,Ltd
MTR Corporation (Shenzhen) Limited
Technical
System length 178.44 kilometres (Bad rounding here110 mi)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) (Standard Gauge)
System map

SZMetro RtDig.png
Shenzhen Metro
Simplified Chinese 深圳地铁
Traditional Chinese 深圳地鐵
Cantonese Jyutping Sam1zan3 Dei6tit3
Cantonese Yale Sàmján Dèihtít
Hanyu Pinyin Shēnzhèn Dìtiě
Logos of the three operators for Shenzhen Metro

The Shenzhen Metro is the subway or underground system for the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong province, China. The system opened on 28 December 2004, making Shenzhen the sixth city in mainland China to have a subway after Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Wuhan. The Shenzhen Metro currently has 5 lines, 137 stations, and 178.44 km (110.87 miles) of total trackage in operation. The network underwent rapid expansion prior to the 2011 Summer Universiade, opening 110 km (68.35 miles) of tracks in June 2011.[4] Currently, there are three lines under construction.[5]

Contents

Current System [edit]

The current system has five lines and provides a relatively fast and economical way of traveling in the east-central part of Shenzhen, compared to buses and taxis. The Luobao and Longhua Lines also run to the border crossings between the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region at Luohu/Lo Wu and Futian Checkpoint/Lok Ma Chau, where riders can transfer to Hong Kong's MTR East Rail Line for travel onward to Hong Kong. Each of the five lines intersect all of the other four lines at least once.

Line
Terminals
Opened
Newest
Extension
Total Length
in km
Stations
Luobao Line
 Luohu Airport East 2004 2011 41.04 30
Shekou Line
 Chiwan Xinxiu 2010 2011 35.78 29
Longgang Line
 Yitian Shuanglong 2010 2011 41.66 30
Longhua Line
 Futian Checkpoint Qinghu 2004 2011 19.96 15
Huanzhong Line
 Qianhaiwan Huangbeiling 2011 — 40.00 27

Luobao Line [edit]

Main article: Luobao Line, Shenzhen Metro

The Luobao Line of the Metro runs westward from Luohu to Airport East. Trains operate at 2 minute frequency during peak hours and 4 minute frequencies at other times. An electronic signboard system displays estimated train arrival times. All stations in Luobao Line are underground. An extension to Airport East has completed constructed and open to public since 12 p.m., June 15, 2011.[6]

Shekou Line [edit]

Main article: Shekou Line, Shenzhen Metro

The Shekou Line runs from Chi Wan to Xin Xiu. It connects with the Luobao Line at Window of the World, with the Longhua Line at Civic Center, with the Longgang Line at Futian and with the Luobao Line again at Grand Theater. Phase I of Shekou Line was open on 28 December 2010[8] The remainder of the Shekou line opened in June 2011.

Longgang Line [edit]

Main article: Longgang Line, Shenzhen Metro

Longgang Line will run 41.8 km with 30 stations from Hongling to Yitian Village and will be built in two phases. Construction on Phase I which runs 32.86 km from Caopu to Shuanglong began on 26 December 2005.[9] Phase I was completed on 28 December 2010. The entire line is scheduled to open 30 June 2011.[10] It will connect with Luobao Line at Laojie and Shopping Park, with Shekou Line at Futian, with Longhua Line at Children's Palace, with Huanzhong Line at Buji and run out to Longgang in the north-east of the city.

The line is operated by Shenzhen Metro No.3 Line Operations Branch Corporation

Longhua Line [edit]

Main article: Longhua Line, Shenzhen Metro

Longhua Line of the Metro runs northward from Futian Checkpoint to Qinghu. Trains operate at 8 minute frequencies at all times. There are electronic signboard system which display estimated train arrival times. Stations from Futian Checkpoint to Lianhua North are underground. North of Children's Palace, an extension to Qinghu in Longhua, Bao'an District has completed construction and open to public since June 16, 2011 except Shenzhen North Station, which was open to be a transfer with Huanzhong Line since 22 June 2011, first opening day of Huanzhong Line.

The line is operated by MTR Corporation (Shenzhen), a subsidiary of MTR Corporation, since 1July 2010.

Huanzhong Line [edit]

Main article: Huanzhong Line, Shenzhen Metro

Huanzhong Line will run from Qianhaiwan in the west to Huangbeiling in the east. It is 40.001 km in total length with 27 stations. Construction began in May 2009 and is scheduled to be completed by June 2011. Huanzhong Line requires total investment of Y20.6 billion. This line has been open to public since 2 p.m., 22 June 2011.[11]

Fares and tickets [edit]

Metro rides are priced according to distance travelled, and varies from Y2 to 11.[12] Children under the height of 120 cm or aged below 6 may ride for free when accompanied by an adult.[13] The metro also offers free rides to senior citizens over the age of 65, physically disabled and military personnel. Children between 120 cm and 150 cm or aged between 6 and 14 years can enjoy half price, as well as middle school students.

Metro fares can be paid for with single-ride tokens, multiple-ride Shenzhen Metro TransCards or weekly passes.[14]

Starting December 2010 a new Metro fare system will be implemented, based on an a usage fee (2RMB) + a distance fee. The distance fee is 1RMB for each 4KM from 4KM to 12KM; after that 1RMB for each 6KM from 12KM to 24KM and finally 1RMB for every 8KM over 24KM distance.[15]

Tokens [edit]

Shenzhen Metro RFID Token

Cash fares range from 2 to over 11 Renminbi, depending on the distance to be traveled, and can be purchased at ticket machines or at the information counter. When using cash fare, a green RFID token is purchased and used to record the station entrance information. To exit the station, one needs only to deposit the token in the slot at the station exit gate. The maximum fare will be charged if the passenger is unable to return the token.

Shenzhen Tong cards [edit]

Main article: Shenzhen Tong

Shenzhen Tong is similar to the Octopus card system used on the MTR rail lines in Hong Kong. The multiple fare card stores credit purchased at stations. It is easy to use; simply wave it in front of the card reader located at all entrances and exits to the subway system. Riders who pay for metro fare with the transcard receive a 5% discount. Beginning 1 March 2008, riders who pay for a bus fare with the transcard and then a subway fare within 90 minutes receive an additional 40% discount on the subway fare.

Unlike Hong Kong Octopus Cards, Shenzhen Tong cards cannot be sold back to the stations or have faults dealt with by SZMC. Instead, the customer must go to the offices of Shenzhen Tong. Students studying in Shenzhen can use the Shenzhen Tong to receive a 50% discount.

Integration of Shenzhen Tong and Hong Kong Octopus Cards [edit]

After the completion of five Metro Phase II lines by 30 June 2011, users will be able to reciprocally use their Transcards in both Hong Kong and Shenzhen for bus and train commuter travel. Continuing research is taking place on the "merging" and "convertibility" of the two systems card. Fluctuations in the HK Dollar with the Chinese RMB are the main issues to be resolved before the final plan is introduced formally.[16] By 2013 plans call for a new card which will be accepted all over Guangdong province and China's two SARs.[17][18]

Station facilities, amenities and services [edit]

Stations have toilets (free of charge), and public telephones (although at some stations, these have not yet been connected). SZMC also operates luggage storage facilities in the concourse above Luohu Station. Cellphone service is available throughout the system provided by China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom.[19]

Like the Hong Kong MTR, Guangzhou, and Foshan metros, station announcements are in Mandarin, Cantonese and English. Though some announcements, such as train arrival, are in Mandarin and English only.

History [edit]

First phase [edit]

Planning of the Shenzhen Metro began in the 1980s and construction of the first sections of Luobao and Longhua line commenced in 1998. The grand opening of the Shenzhen Metro system occurred at 5:00pm on Tuesday, 28 December 2004. The trial run was just in time for celebrations of the Chinese New Year. Initially the trains operated at 15 minute frequencies and consisted of the Luobao Line (then called Line 1) between Luohu and Shijie Zhi Chuang (now Window of the World)and the Longhua Line (then called Line 4) between Fumin and Shaonian Gong (now Children's Palace)stations. Initially the English names of the stations were rendered in Hanyu Pinyin, but some of the names were changed to English translation with American spelling in mid-2011 on instructions from higher authorities.

The Futian Checkpoint station opened on 28 June 2007 using the name Futian Kou'an.[20]

Name Change [edit]

On April 23, 2008, Shenzhen Municipal Planning Bureau announced that it will change the nomenclature of Shenzhen's subway lines. Instead of using numbers as the lines official designation, typically used in other mainland Chinese metro systems, lines will be given Chinese names more akin to the Hong Kong MTR.[21]

The name changes are as follows:

Old Name Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5
New Name Luobao Line Shekou Line Longgang Line Longhua Line Huanzhong Line

Second phase [edit]

Shenzhen Metro increased to over a hundred operating metro stations in June 2011, before the Shenzhen Universiade games.

Expansion Plans [edit]

Third phase [edit]

Phase 3 formally commenced in May 2011 with an expected cost of 80 billion yuan. The implementation period has been changed from 2011-2020 to 2011-2016.[22] It will cover Lines 6 (Guangming), 7 (Xili), 8 (Yantian), 9 (Meilin), and 11 (Airport) and will extend the length of the Shenzhen Metro to 348 kilometres and 10 lines.[5][23] In June 2011, the Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resources Commission started gather public input on Phase III station names.[24] Anticipated development and growth in Longgang has prompted officials to fast track the planning and construction of Line 16, from Futian Free Trade Zone to Pinghu via Meilin, to start in 2015 instead of after 2020.[25][26][27]

Line
Expected Terminals
Expected Length
in km
Expected Stations
Expected Opening
Current Status
Guangming Line Shenzhen North Railway Station Songgang 37.2 19 2017 Approved
Xili Line Tai'an Xili Lake 28.9 23 2016 Under Construction
Yantian Line Guomao Xiaomeisha 25.9 13 2018 Approved
Meilin Line Chunfeng Hongshuwan 17.8 17 2016 Approved，Construction start in 2012
Airport Line Futian Songgang 49.7 12 2016 Under Construction
Bantian Line Futian Free trade Zone Pinghu 40 26 2016 Approved，Construction start in 2015

Mid-term Plan [edit]

With the shortening of the Phase III implementation period,[22] a number of lines and extensions (Longhua Phase III, Lines 10 and 12) planned in 2007's Phase III moved into the next phase which could possibly be completed by 2020.[28]

Line
Expected Terminals
Expected Length
in km
Expected Stations
Expected Opening
Current Status
Longhua Line (III) Qinghai Songyuan 7.3 5 2017 onwards approved
Nanbao (Bao'an/line 10) Sea World Songgang 42.2 28 TBD approved (2017 u/c)
Pingshan (line 12) Universiade Xinqiao Industrial Zone 36.4 22 TBD approved (2017 u/c)
A map with proposed Shenzhen Metro lines through 2020.


Long-term Plan [edit]

In the Shenzhen Metro 2007 masterplan has a further 3 lines (Lines 13,14,15) which have a planned completion target of 2030.[29] In 2012, 4 further lines Qiannan (Line 17), Pinghu (Line 18), Pingshan (Line 19) and Fuyong (Line 20) where unveiled. This brings the total planned length of the Shenzhen metro to 720 km spread out over 20 lines. In addition to metro lines, 5 Pearl River Delta Rapid Transit lines connecting neighboring urban centers in the Pearl River Delta, totalling 146 km, have also been revealed.[30]

Equipment [edit]

Rolling Stock [edit]

Bombardier Rolling Stock on Luobao Line

Luobao Line:

Shekou Line:

Huanzhong Line:

Signaling system [edit]

For metro Luobao Line, Longhua Line and the extension of Luobao Line, Siemens Transportation Systems supplied 7 (Phase 1) and 6 (Phase 2) LZB 700 M continuous automatic control systems; 7 (Phase 1) and 6 (Phase 2) electronic Sicas ESTT interlockings; the Vicos OC 501 operations control system with 2 operations control centers, fall-back level with Vicos OC 101 and RTU (FEP), 230 (Phase 1) and 240 (Phase 2) FTG S track vacancy detection units.[31]

Shekou & Huanzhong Lines use Casco CBTC system with 2.4 GHz frequencies, and so the system has suffered frequent problems with interference from consumer Wi-Fi equipment.[32]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ "专家：地铁带动房价商业更胜住宅". 022net.com. Retrieved 2013-05-10. 
  2. ^ "“五一”地铁:人多但不挤". bendibao. Retrieved 2013-05-10. 
  3. ^ (Chinese) "深圳地铁客流量 去年猛增近七成. Retrieved on 2013-01-10.
  4. ^ (Chinese)"【深圳】2011年地铁达177公里 长过香港地铁" 星岛网讯
  5. ^ a b "City to spend 48b yuan on 3 Metro lines". Shenzhen Daily. Retrieved 2012-07-28. 
  6. ^ Luobao Line trial runs December 2010
  7. ^ Shenzhen Metro Line 1, from Luohu to Airport East was put into a trial operation
  8. ^ photo of ongoing construction in Shekou
  9. ^ (Chinese) Wang, Xiaoqing and Qiu, Gang, "深圳地铁3号线动工 2009年建成通车" southcn.com 27 December 2005
  10. ^ (Chinese) 深圳地铁3号线规划线路图 21 August 2008
  11. ^ (Chinese) Xiaoqing, Wang, "深圳地铁5号线全面开工" Xinhua 19 September 2008
  12. ^ (Chinese) fare information
  13. ^ (Chinese) SZMC fare policy
  14. ^ (Chinese) types of tickets
  15. ^ http://szdaily.sznews.com/html/2010-12/24/content_1374832.htm New Metro fares announced
  16. ^ Shenzhen Daily - 5 November 2009.
  17. ^ http://www.thenanfang.com/blog/one-smartcard-to-rule-them-all-guangdong-hong-kong-team-up-to-offer-unified-travel-card/
  18. ^ http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_981/node_989/node_997/node_1006/2012/06/29/1340955092104022.shtml
  19. ^ "features". southcn.com. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  20. ^ "深圳地铁皇岗站正式开通". Retrieved 2007-07-01. 
  21. ^ "關於我市近期建設地鐵線路及站點命名的通告". Retrieved 2012-11-22. 
  22. ^ a b "未来五年深圳再建五条地铁". 南方都市报. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  23. ^ "The Shenzhen urban rail transportation recent construction plan approval (2011-2016)". National Development and Reform Commission. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  24. ^ "Public notice (draft)". Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resources Committee. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  25. ^ "龙岗加快地铁16号线建设准备". 深圳商报. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  26. ^ "地铁16号线 2014年初开工". 深圳商报. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  27. ^ http://szdaily.sznews.com/html/2013-01/08/content_2341103.htm
  28. ^ "轨道交通近期建设规划方案". Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resources Committee. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  29. ^ "轨道线网规划方案". Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resources Committee. Retrieved 2012-11-21. 
  30. ^ "Four more Metro lines planned". Shenzhen Daily. Retrieved 2012-11-21. 
  31. ^ "Metro Lines 1 and 4, Shenzhen, China". Retrieved 2008-07-06. 
  32. ^ "Pocket Wi-Fi hotspots paralyse Chinese metro lines."

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