Sherbrooke

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This article is about the city in Quebec, Canada. For other uses, see Sherbrooke (disambiguation).
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 This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the French Wikipedia. (February 2009)
Sherbrooke
—  City  —
Ville de Sherbrooke
Wellington Street North

Flag
Seal

Coat of arms
Nickname(s): Queen of the Eastern Townships
Motto: Ne quid nimis
Sherbrooke is located in Quebec
Sherbrooke
Location in Quebec, Canada
Coordinates: 45°24′N 71°53′W / 45.4°N 71.883°W / 45.4; -71.883Coordinates: 45°24′N 71°53′W / 45.4°N 71.883°W / 45.4; -71.883
Country Canada Flag of Canada.svg
Province  Quebec
Region Estrie
Settled 1793
Electoral Districts
Federal
Sherbrooke
Provincial Sherbrooke
Government
 • Mayor Bernard Sévigny
 • Governing body Sherbrooke City Council
 • Federal MP(s) Pierre-Luc Dusseault (NDP)
 • Quebec MNA(s) Jean Charest (PLQ)
Area
 • Land 353.49 km2 (136.48 sq mi)
 • Metro 1,459.61 km2 (563.56 sq mi)
Highest elevation 378 m (1,240 ft)
Lowest elevation 128 m (420 ft)
Population (2011)[1][2]
 • City 154,601
 • Density 437.4/km2 (1,133/sq mi)
 • Metro 201,890
 • Metro density 183.3/km2 (475/sq mi)
 • Change (2006-11) increase4.9%
 • Dwellings 75,880
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
Postal code(s) J1E, J1G, J1H, J1J, J1K,
J1L, J1M, J1N, J1R
Area code(s) 819
Access Routes[3]
A-10
A-55
A-410
A-610
Route 112
Route 108
Route 143
Route 216
Route 220
Route 222
Telephone Exchanges -212 239 340 345-9 432 434 437 446 542 560 -6 569 570 - 4 575 577
GNBC Code EIDHN
NTS Map 021E05
Website City of Sherbrooke

Sherbrooke (English pronunciation: /ˈʃɜrbrʊk/; French pronunciation: [ʃɛʁbʁuk]) is a city in southern Quebec, Canada. Sherbrooke is situated at the confluence of the Saint-François (St. Francis) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. With 154,601 residents as of the 2011 census,[1] Sherbrooke was the sixth largest city in the province of Quebec and the thirtieth largest in Canada. The Sherbrooke Census Metropolitan Area had 201,890 inhabitants,[2] making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and nineteenth largest in Canada.

Sherbrooke is the primary economic, political, cultural and institutional centre of Estrie, and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century.

Sherbrooke is an important university center with eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people (3,700 of whom are professors, teachers and researchers).[4] The direct economic impact of these institutions exceeds 1 billion dollars.[4] The proportion of university students is of 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants. In proportion to its population, Sherbrooke has the largest concentration of students in Quebec.[5]

Since the nineteenth century, Sherbrooke has also been an important manufacturing center, although this segment of the economy has experienced a considerable transformation in recent decades as a result of the decline of the city's traditional manufacturing sectors. Today, the service sector occupies a prominent place in the economy of the city, as well as a growing knowledge-based economy.[6]

The Sherbrooke region is surrounded by mountains, rivers and lakes. There are several ski hills nearby and various tourist attractions in regional flavor. Mont-Bellevue Park, a large park in the city, is used for downhill skiing.

Originally known as Hyatt's Mill, it was renamed after Sir John Coape Sherbrooke (1764-1840), a British soldier who was Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (1812-1816), and Governor General of British North America (1816-1818).

Contents

[edit] History

[icon] This section requires expansion.
Sherbrooke in 1889.

Part of a region historically known as the Eastern Townships, Sherbrooke was first settled in 1793 by American Loyalists, including Gilbert Hyatt, a farmer from Schenectady, New York, who built a flour mill in 1802. The village was named "Hyatt's Mills" until 1818 when the village was renamed after Governor General Sir John Sherbrooke at the time of his retirement and return to England. Despite the town's Anglophone name and heritage, relatively few traces of the city's English past remain, and the vast majority of the city's residents speak French.

The city grew considerably on January 1, 2002, by the mergers of the cities of Sherbrooke, Ascot, Bromptonville, Deauville, Fleurimont, Lennoxville, Rock Forest, and Saint-Élie-d'Orford.

[edit] Geography

Sherbrooke skyline and Mount Orford.

Located at the confluence of the Saint-François (St. Francis) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Eastern Townships and the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. Its geographical code is 43.[vague]

Sherbrooke is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-François.[7]

[edit] Climate

Sherbrooke has a humid continental climate (Koppen Dfb), with long, cold, and snowy winters, warm summers, and short but crisp springs and autumns. Highs range from −5.7 °C (21.7 °F) in January to 24.7 °C (76.5 °F) in July. In an average year, there are 36 nights at or colder than −20 °C (−4 °F), and 6.5 nights at or colder than −30 °C (−22 °F); 3.4 days will see highs reaching 30 °C (86 °F).[8] Annual snowfall is large, averaging at 294 centimetres (116 in), sometimes falling in May and October. Precipitation is not sparse any time of the year, but is the greatest in summer and fall and at its least from January to April, totaling 1,140 millimetres (44.9 in) annually.

[edit] Demographics

[edit] City of Sherbrooke

Cathédrale Saint-Michel.
Sherbrooke
Year Pop. ±%
1871 8,532 —
1881 12,410 +45.5%
1891 15,930 +28.4%
1901 18,724 +17.5%
1911 23,865 +27.5%
1921 33,624 +40.9%
1931 39,325 +17.0%
1941 47,614 +21.1%
1951 63,608 +33.6%
1956 72,789 +14.4%
1961 82,939 +13.9%
1966 94,988 +14.5%
1971 103,083 +8.5%
1976 111,137 +7.8%
1981 117,848 +6.0%
1986 122,282 +3.8%
1991 131,123 +7.2%
1996 136,681 +4.2%
2001 139,388 +2.0%
2006 147,427 +5.8%
2011 154,601 +4.9%
[9][10]
Mother tongue language (2006)
Language Population Percentage (%)
French only 129,970 89.89%
English only 5,735 3.97%
Other languages 8,245 5.7%
Ethnic origin
Ethnic origin Population Percent
Canadian 117,305
French 50,540 33.61%
Irish 6,560 4.36%
English 5,065 3.37%
Scottish 3,070 2.04%
Québécois 2,415 1.61%
North American Indian 1,805 1.20%
Italian 1,505 1.00%

The information regarding ethnicities above is from the 2001 Canadian Census. The percentages add to more than 100% because of dual responses (e.g. "French Canadian" generates an entry in both the category "French" and the category "Canadian".) Groups with greater than 1,500 responses are included.

[edit] Age structure

  • 0–14 years: 17.8%
  • 15–64 years: 69.0%
  • 65 years and over: 13.2%

[edit] Census Metropolitan Area

The Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) includes the cities of Sherbrooke, Magog and Waterville, the Parish of Saint-Denis-de-Brompton; the municipalities of Compton, Stoke, and Ascot Corner, Hatley county and the village of North Hatley.
The population in 2006 was 186,952. Indigenous peoples comprised just over 0.6% of the population.[11]

Plymouth-Trinity United Church

French was mother tongue to 90.6% of residents (counting both single and multiple responses). The next most common mother tongues were English at 5.6%, Spanish at 1.3%, Arabic and Serbo-Croatian languages at 0.6% each, Persian at 0.4%, Niger–Congo languages at 0.3%, and Chinese and German at 0.2% each. (Percentages may total more than 100% owing to rounding and multiple responses).[12][13]

About 87% of the population identified as Roman Catholic in 2001 while 6% said they had no religious affiliation. Among smaller denominations Statistics Canada counted 1.2% Anglicans, 0.8% Muslims, 0.8% United Church, 0.7% Baptists, 0.5% Eastern Orthodox and 0.3% Jehovah’s Witnesses. Pentecostals and Methodists accounted for 0.2% each, while Buddhists, Presbyterians, Seventh-day Adventists, Mormons and Plymouth Brethren accounted for 0.1% each.[14]

Four thousand recent immigrants (arriving between 2001 and 2006) now comprise about 2% of the total population. Approximately 13% have emigrated from Colombia, 12% from France, 7% from Afghanistan, 6% from each of Morocco and Argentina, 5% from each of Algeria and Congo, 4% from China, and 3% from each of Burundi, Tunisia, and Tanzania. About 2% of these recent immigrants were born in the United States while about 2% were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[15]

Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre[16] in the Fleurimont borough

[edit] Government

Gordon Street

The merged city is composed of six boroughs: Brompton, Fleurimont, Lennoxville, Mont-Bellevue, Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville and Jacques-Cartier.

Borough Population City Councillors
Brompton 5,956 3
Fleurimont 41,276 5
Jacques-Cartier 30,229 4
Lennoxville 5,195 3
Mont-Bellevue 33,377 4
Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville 29,191 4

[edit] Public safety

In 2007, the crime rate was 5,491 per 100,000.[17]

The former Winter Prison

[edit] Economy

[icon] This section requires expansion.
Wellington Street North in downtown Sherbrooke

In 2007 Canadian Business Magazine Magazine ranked Sherbrooke as the top place to do business in Canada.[17] The report cites large increases in commercial building permits (23%), strong exports, a highly educated workforce, a low unemployment rate, and a low cost of living index (64.3).

Sherbrooke is also the centre of an dairy agricultural region.[citation needed]

[edit] Education

[icon] This section requires expansion.

Sherbrooke has eight institutions that make up the Sherbrooke University Pole,[18] which educates some 40,000 students and employs about 11,000 persons.[19] University students comprise 10.32% of the population, the highest concentration in Quebec.[20]

The city is the location of one French language university, the Université de Sherbrooke, and an English language university, Bishop's University. U de S is a comprehensive university with schools of medicine and law and extensive graduate programs. Bishop's is smaller and predominantly undergraduate. There are three CEGEPs in Sherbrooke, two of them French-language, the Cégep de Sherbrooke and the Séminaire de Sherbrooke, and one English-language, Champlain College Lennoxville.


[edit] Infrastructure

Times Hotel, downtown Sherbrooke

[edit] Transportation

Sherbrooke Airport, in Cookshire-Eaton is just east of the city. There are currently no scheduled flights operating out of the airport.

Transdev Limocar provides bus service to Montreal via Granby and Magog. Formerly, Autobus Jordez linked Sherbrooke to Drummondville and Trois-Rivières, and also to Victoriaville and Quebec City, but since the company lost their licence to operate heavy vehicles,[21] they sold their licence to Autobus La Québécoise, who now provide the service.

Société de transport de Sherbrooke (STS) provides bus service within the city. It operates 17 bus routes, 11 minibus routes, and 5 taxibus routes.

The city is located at the eastern terminus of A-10, and directly on the Autoroute Trans-Québécoise (A-55). A-10 provides a direct freeway connection to Montreal and points west, while A-55 connects directly to Trois-Rivières, Shawinigan, and points north, as well as to Interstate 91 to the south (Vermont). A-410 and A-610 are the southern and northern bypass roads, respectively.

[edit] Public health and safety

Historical buildings located on Dufferin Street.

The suburban Sherbrooke University Hospital ("CHUS" or "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbooke) has over 5,200 employees, including 550 doctors. It includes a clinical research facility, the Etienne-Lebel Research Center.

[edit] Sport

The Sherbrooke Expos of the Ligue de Baseball Senior Élite du Québec play their home games at Amedée Roy Stadium. Sherbrooke has been home to baseball teams from the Eastern League, Canadian Baseball League and Ligue de Baseball Élite du Québec in addition to hosting the 2002 World Junior Baseball Championships.[citation needed]

[edit] Media

Main article: Media in Sherbrooke

[edit] Architectural and artistic heritage

The Sherbrooke War Memorial by George William Hill is a cenotaph erected in 1926 to commemorate the soldiers who were killed during WWI. This piece of cultural heritage has become emblematic of the City of Sherbrooke.[citation needed]
[icon] This section requires expansion.

[edit] Notable people

[edit] Bordering counties

Le Val-Saint-François
Le Haut-Saint-François
   Sherbrooke    
Memphrémagog Coaticook

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b "Census Profile - Sherbrooke, Ville". Canada 2011 Census. Statistics Canada. 2012-02-08. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2443027&Geo2=CD&Code2=2443&Data=Count&SearchText=sherbrooke&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  2. ^ a b "Census Profile - Sherbrooke Quebec (Census metropolitan area)". Canada 2011 Census. Statistics Canada. 2012-02-09. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=433&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=sherbrooke&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1. 
  3. ^ Official Transport Quebec Road Map
  4. ^ a b "Home: Pôle universitaire de Sherbrooke - Université de Sherbrooke". Sherbrooke, QC: Université de Sherbrooke. http://pole.usherbrooke.ca/en/. Retrieved 1 January 2012. 
  5. ^ "Proportion d'étudiants à Sherbrooke". Ville de Sherbrooke. http://www.ville.sherbrooke.qc.ca/webconcepteur/web/VilledeSherbrooke/fr/ext/nav/vieetudiante.html?iddoc=97394. Retrieved 26 août 2010. 
  6. ^ "Économie du savoir". Pole universitaire de Sherbrooke. http://pole.usherbrooke.ca/fr/presentation/sherbrooke-ville-universitaire/.. Retrieved 12 janvier 2011. 
  7. ^ Territorial Division Act. Revised Statutes of Quebec D-11.
  8. ^ a b "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 - Canada's National Climate Archive". Environment Canada. http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?StnId=5530. Retrieved 2009-07-24. 
  9. ^ "Évolution démographique des 10 principales villes du Québec (sur la base de 2006) selon leur limites territoriales actuelles1, Recensements du Canada de 1871 à 2006" (in French). Institut de la statistique du Québec. 2008-02-01. http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/societe/demographie/dons_regnl/regional/Tableau_top_10.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-08. 
  10. ^ These figures correspond to the territory of the city of Sherbrooke following the municipal reorganizations of 2002 and 2006.
  11. ^ "Sherbrooke". Aboriginal Identity (8), Sex (3) and Age Groups (12) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2008-01-15. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89122&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&Theme=73&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837965. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  12. ^ "Sherbrooke". Detailed Mother Tongue (148), Single and Multiple Language Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89186&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=701&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837965. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  13. ^ "Sherbrooke". Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 and 2006 Censuses - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89201&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=701&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837965. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  14. ^ "Sherbrooke". Religion (95A), Age Groups (7A) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1991 and 2001 Censuses - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-03-01. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?Temporal=2001&PID=55822&APATH=3&METH=1&PTYPE=55440&THEME=56&FOCUS=0&AID=0&PLACENAME=0&PROVINCE=0&SEARCH=0&GC=99&GK=NA&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&FL=0&RL=0&FREE=0&GID=431552. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  15. ^ "Sherbrooke". Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-12-04. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89424&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&Theme=72&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837965. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  16. ^ the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, or CHUS
  17. ^ a b "Best places to do business in Canada". Canadian Business. September 10, 2007. http://www.canadianbusiness.com/rankings/bestcitiesforbusiness/list.jsp?pageID=list&year=2007. Retrieved February 13, 2008. 
  18. ^ Sherbrooke Innopole - Membership Directory - Membership - Massachusetts Biotechnology Council
  19. ^ Université de Sherbrooke: "Nombre d'étudiants au sein du pôle universitaire"
  20. ^ Ville de Sherbrooke: "Proportion d'étudiants à Sherbrooke"(French)
  21. ^ Autocars Jordez a mis ses passagers en danger | Estrie | Radio-Canada.ca
  22. ^ Townshipheritage.com

[edit] External links

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