Shigeru Yoshida
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- In this Japanese name, the family name is Yoshida.
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Shigeru Yoshida
吉田 茂 |
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| In office 22 May 1946 – 24 May 1947 |
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| Monarch | Shōwa |
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| Governor | Douglas MacArthur |
| Preceded by | Kijūrō Shidehara |
| Succeeded by | Tetsu Katayama |
| In office 15 October 1948 – 10 December 1954 |
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| Monarch | Shōwa |
| Governor | Douglas MacArthur Matthew Ridgway |
| Preceded by | Hitoshi Ashida |
| Succeeded by | Ichirō Hatoyama |
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| Born | 22 September 1878 Yokosuka, Japan |
| Died | 20 October 1967 (aged 89) Tokyo, Japan |
| Political party | Liberal Democratic Party (1955–1967) |
| Other political affiliations |
Liberal Party (1945–1950) Democratic Liberal Party (1950–1955) |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Shigeru Yoshida (吉田 茂 Yoshida Shigeru), KCVO (September 22, 1878 – October 20, 1967) was a Japanese diplomat and politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1946 to 1947 and from 1948 to 1954. His policies, emphasizing Japan's economic recovery and a reliance on United States military protection at the expense of independence in foreign affairs, became known as the Yoshida Doctrine and shaped Japanese foreign policy during the Cold War era and beyond.
[edit] Early life
Yoshida was born in Yokosuka near Tokyo and educated at Tokyo Imperial University. He entered Japan's diplomatic corps in 1906 just after Japan's victory against Russia in the Russo-Japanese War. He was Japan's ambassador to Italy and the United Kingdom during the 1930s and finally retired from his last appointment as ambassador to London in 1938. Throughout the 1930s and before the war ended in the early 1940s, Yoshida continued to participate in Japan's imperialist movement. After several months' imprisonment in 1945, he became one of Japan's key postwar leaders.
[edit] As Prime Minister
Yoshida became the 45th prime minister on May 22, 1946. His pro-American and pro-British ideals and his knowledge of Western societies, gained through education and political work abroad are what made him the perfect candidate in the eyes of the postwar Allied occupation. After being replaced with Tetsu Katayama on May 24, 1947, he returned to the post as the 48th prime minister on October 15, 1948.
[edit] Policies
Under Yoshida's rule, Japan began to rebuild its lost industrial infrastructure and placed a premium on unrestrained economic growth. Many of these concepts still impact Japan's political and economic policies. However since the 1970s environmental movement, the bursting of Japan's economic bubble, and the end of the Cold War, Japan has been struggling to redefine its national goals. His administration openly encouraged a "3-S" policy-- "sports, screen and sex". This change from the strict pre-war censorship of materials labeled obscene or immoral helped enable a change in the tone of literature on Abe.[55]
He was retained in three succeeding elections (49th: February 16, 1949; 50th: October 30, 1952; and 51st: May 21, 1953), and was finally ousted on December 10, 1954, when he was replaced by Ichirō Hatoyama. He retired from the Diet of Japan in 1955.
In 1967, Yoshida was baptized on his deathbed after hiding his Catholic religion throughout most of his life. His funeral was held in St. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo. Yoshida's grandson, Tarō Asō, is a Japanese politician as well as the 92nd and current Prime Minister of Japan.
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| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by Mamoru Shigemitsu |
Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan 1945–1947 |
Succeeded by Hitoshi Ashida |
| Preceded by Kijūrō Shidehara |
Prime Minister of Japan 1946–1947 |
Succeeded by Tetsu Katayama |
| Preceded by Hitoshi Ashida |
Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan 1948–1954 |
Succeeded by Mamoru Shigemitsu |
| Prime Minister of Japan 1958–1954 |
Succeeded by Ichirō Hatoyama |
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