Shishman dynasty
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| Country | Principality of Vidin Principality of Karvuna Tsardom of Tarnovo Principality of Valona Tsardom of Vidin Principality of Serres |
|---|---|
| Ancestral house | House of Komnenos House of Assen |
| Titles | Knyaz, Tsar, Despot |
| Founder | Prince Shishman of Vidin |
| Final sovereign | Prince Rostislav of Tarnovo |
| Current head | Extinct |
| Founding | 1280 |
| Dissolution | 1686 |
Shishman (Bulgarian: Шишман), also Shishmanids or Shishmanovtsi (Bulgarian: Шишмановци), was a medieval Bulgarian royal dynasty of partial[1] Cuman origin.[2]
The Shishman dynasty consecutively ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire for approximately one century, from 1323 to 1422, when it was conquered by the Ottomans. The Shishmanids were related to the earlier Asen dynasty, and according to the Ragusan historian Lukarić, also to the immediately preceding Terter dynasty.[1] In Plamen Pavlov's view, the Shishman dynasty's founder, despot Shishman of Vidin, may have been the brother of George I, the first Bulgarian Terterid ruler, thus also coming to Bulgaria from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241.[1]
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Members [edit]
Among its more notable members were:
Main branch:
- despot Shishman of Vidin
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- Michael Shishman of Bulgaria (Michael Asen III) (b. after 1280, ruled 1323–1330)
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- Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria (ruled 1330–1331)
Sratsimir branch:
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- Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria (nephew of Michael Shishman) (ruled 1331–1371)
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- co-emperor Michael Asen IV оf Bulgaria (b. c. 1322, co-emperor 1332–1355)
- Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria (b. 1324/1325, ruled 1356–1397 in Vidin)
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- Queen Dorothea of Bosnia
- Constantine II of Bulgaria (b. early 1370s, ruled 1397–1422 in Vidin and in exile)
- Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria (b. 1350/1351, ruled 1371–1395 in Tarnovo)
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- Patriarch Joseph II of Constantinople? (possible illegitimate son)[3] (Patriarch of Constantinople 1416–1439)
- Fruzhin (d. c. 1460)
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List of monarchs [edit]
Principality/Tsardom of Vidin [edit]
| Portrait | Name | From | Until | Short description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | Shishman | 1280 | 1308 | The founder of the dynasty. |
| none | Michael I | 1308 | 1323 | Son of prince Shishman, elected to tsar of Bulgaria and uses the name Michael III. |
| none | Belaur | 1323 | 1337 | Brother of prince Michael I. |
| none | Mishael II | 1337 | 1356 | Son of prince Michael I. |
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Sratsimir | 1356 | 1397 | Third son of Ivan Alexander. Ruled in Vidin. Captured by the Ottomans in 1396 and imprisoned in Bursa where he was strangled.[4] |
| none | Constantine | 1397 | 1418 | Spent most of his life in exile. Most historians do not include him in the list of the Bulgarian monarchs. |
Principality of Karvuna [edit]
| Portrait | Name | From | Until | Short description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | Sratsimir | 1300 | 1330 | Father of tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria. |
| none | Keratsa | 1330 | 1340 | Wife of Sratsimir and mother of tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria. |
Tsardom of Tarnovo [edit]
| Portrait | Name | From | Until | Short description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | Michael III Shishman | 1330 | 1308 | Bolyar of Vidin. Mortally wounded in the battle of Velbazhd on 28 July 1330 against the Serbs.[5] |
| none | Ivan Stephen | 1330 | 1331 | Son of Michael III Shishman. Deposed in March 1331 and fled to Serbia.[6] Might have died in 1373. |
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Ivan Alexander | 1331 | 1371 | Bolyar of Lovech. Descended of the Asen, Terter and Shishman dynasties. Second Golden Age of Bulgarian culture. Died of natural death on 17 February 1371, leaving Bulgaria divided among his sons.[5] |
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Ivan Shishman | 1371 | 1393 | Fourth son of Ivan Alexander. Beheaded by the Ottomans on 3 June 1395.[7] |
Principality of Valona [edit]
| Portrait | Name | From | Until | Short description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | Komnenos | 1346 | 1363 | Brother of tsar Ivan Alexander. |
| none | Alexander | 1363 | 1368 | Son of prince Komnenos. |
| none | Komnena | 1368 | 1396 | Daughter of prince Komnenos. Married with Balša II Balšić (1372–1385), Lord of Kanina and Valona, and eventually Duke of Albania. |
Principality of Serres [edit]
| Portrait | Name | From | Until | Short description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Helena | 1355 | 1367 | Daughter of Sratsimir of Kran and Keratsa Petritsa and the sister of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria. |
Family tree of the Shishman Dynastyb[›]
| Shishman married to Unknown |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Michael Shishman (r. 1323–1330) married to 1. Anna Neda 2. Theodora Palaiologina |
Belaur | Keratsa Petritsa, married to despot Sratsimir | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1. Ivan Stephen (r. 1330–1331) |
1. Shishman | 1. Michael, married to unknown |
1. Ludovik | 2. Unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ivan Alexander (r. 1331–1371) married to 1. Theodora Besarab 2. Sarah-Theodora |
John Komnenos Asen married to 1. Unknown 2. Anna Palaiologina | Michael married to unknown |
Helena married to Stefan Dushan (r. 1331–1355) |
Theodora | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander Komnenus Asen, Xenia Ivanina Komnena | Shishman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1. Michael IV Asen married to Irina Palaiologina | 1. Ivan Sratsimir (r. 1356–1396) married to Anna |
1. Ivan Asen IV | 1. Kera Tamara married to Constantine Murad I (r. 1362–1389) | 2. Keratsa-Maria married to Andronikos IV Palaiologos (r. 1376–1379) | 2. Ivan Shishman (r. 1371–1395) married to 1. Kira Maria 2. Dragana |
2. Ivan Asen V | 2. Desislava | 2. Vasilisa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Constantine II (r. 1397–1422) |
Dorothea married to Tvrtko I (r. 1353-1391) | Unknown daughter | John VII Palaiologos (r. 1390) | 2 unknown daughters | Alexander | Fruzhin married to unknown | Keratsa | 4 unknown; Patriarch Joseph II possible illegitimate son | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shishman | 2 unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Footnotes [edit]
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Notes [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shishman |
^ a: Only Ivan Alexander and Ivan Shishman claimed the title Emperor of all Bulgarians and Greeks.
^ a: The numbers designate which wife each child was born to.
Citations [edit]
- ^ a b c Павлов, Пламен (2005). "Метежници и претенденти за търновската царска корона през XIV в.". Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България (in Bulgarian). Варна: LiterNet.
- ^ Vásáry, István. Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83756-1.
- ^ Павлов, Пламен (2007-06-15). "Щрихи към портрета на Вселенския патриарх Йосиф ІІ" (in Bulgarian). Nobility BG. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ Andreev, p. 298
- ^ a b Andreev, p. 263
- ^ Andreev, p. 267
- ^ Andreev, p. 286
Sources [edit]
- Nikolov-Zikov, Petar (2012), Dinastiyata na Sracimirovci, New Bulgarian University, ISBN 978-954-535-702-2
References [edit]
- Андреев (Andreev), Йордан (Jordan); Милчо Лалков (Milcho Lalkov) (1996). Българските ханове и царе (The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars) (in Bulgarian). Велико Търново (Veliko Tarnovo): Абагар (Abagar). ISBN 954-427-216-X.
- Ivanov, Yordan (1970). Bulgarian Antiquities from Macednia (in Bulgarian). Sofia: BAN.
External links [edit]
- Mladjov, Ian. "Detailed List of Bulgarian Rulers". Retrieved 14 April 2011.
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