Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park
| Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
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| Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park | |
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IUCN Category II (National Park)
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 Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta viewed from Valledupar, Colombia |
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| Nearest city | Santa Marta, Colombia |
| Coordinates | 10°52′N 73°43′W / 10.867°N 73.717°WCoordinates: 10°52′N 73°43′W / 10.867°N 73.717°W |
| Area | 3,830 km2 (1,480 sq mi) |
| Established | 1964 |
| Governing body | SINAP |
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) is Colombia's second oldest national park, established in 1964.[1] It is located in the Cordillera Oriental range, between the departments of La Guajira, Magdalena and Cesar, in the mountain range of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. It is a sanctuary as well as a tourist attraction, because it offers different climate, terrain, flora and fauna environments, ranging from beaches to snowy mountain peaks.
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[edit] General
All the water courses that originate in the national park drain to the Caribbean sea whether directly (e. g. rivers Ranchería, Don Diego, Palomino, Buritaca, Guachaca, Cañas, etc.) or through the Magdalena River system that includes the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, (e. g., rivers Cesar, Ariguaní, Fundación, Frío, Aracataca, etc.). Roughly 1.2 million people are dependent upon the freshwater supplied by the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta rivers.[1][2] There are currently about 30,000 indigenous people of the ethnic groups Koguis, Arhuacos, Kankuamos and Wiwa living in the area.[3] This park is also home to the remnants of the Tairona Culture. In 1979 the park was designated a Biosphere reserve by UNESCO.[3][4]
[edit] Climate
It is calculated that the yearly average rainfall is 4000 mm at elevations of 500 m (1,600 ft) to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above mean sea level.[5] The temperature varies between 0°C and 27°C.[3]
[edit] Flora and fauna
The tropical rainforest is made up of perennial trees, with a canopy reaching between 30 m (98 ft) to 40 m (130 ft). There is a great variety and large populations of epiphytes and lianas,[5] and more than 3,000 species of vascular plants are found in the area.[2] The indigenous peoples the make an alcoholic beverage from fruits of the palm Attalea maripa found at the lower elevations.[5]
Of Colombia's 340 endemic species, 44 are found in the park, for example seven species of endemic hummingbirds. Of the 3,057 endangered species, 44 are found here.[6] The area is home to 440 species of birds,[5] including Black-fronted Wood-quail, King Vulture, Andean Condor, Santa Marta Warbler, Santa Marta Parakeet.[6] Mammals found in the park include: tapir, cougar, jaguar, squirrel, Transandinomys talamancae, otter, and brocket deer.[6]
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ a b IUCN 1982, p. 127
- ^ a b "Colombia: places we protect, Serria Nevada de Santa Marta". The Nature Conservancy. http://www.nature.org/wherewework/southamerica/colombia/work/art5303.html. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ a b c "Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta" (in Spanish). Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ "Biosphere Reserve Information, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". UNESCO. http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=COL+03&mode=all. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ a b c d Villegas & Sesana 2007, p. 381
- ^ a b c "Nature and Science". Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=02.012503. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
[edit] References
- IUCN (1982) (in Spanish and English), IUCN directory of neotropical protected areas, IUCN, ISBN 9780907567622, http://www.archive.org/details/iucndirectoryofn82iucn.
- Villegas, Benjamin; Sesana, Laura (2007), Colombia Natural Parks, Villegas Asociados, ISBN 9789588156873, http://books.google.com/books?id=HoDPr04hHCQC.
[edit] External links
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