Ulyanovsk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Ulyanovsk (English) Ульяновск (Russian) |
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| — Inhabited locality — | |
 A view of Ulyanovsk |
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.svg) Location of Ulyanovsk Oblast on the map of Russia |
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  Location of Ulyanovsk on the map of Ulyanovsk Oblast
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| Coordinates: 54°19′N 48°22′E / 54.317°N 48.367°ECoordinates: 54°19′N 48°22′E / 54.317°N 48.367°E | |
 Coat of arms |
 Flag |
| Holiday | June 12[1] |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Ulyanovsk Oblast |
| In administrative jurisdiction of | Ulyanovsk Oblast[2] |
| Administrative center of | Ulyanovsk Oblast[3] |
| Municipal status | |
| Municipal Status | Urban okrug |
| Head[citation needed] | Sergey Yermakov[4] |
| Representative body | City Duma[5] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 316.9 km2 (122.4 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 635,947 inhabitants[6] |
| - Rank | 19th |
| - Density | 2,007 /km2 (5,200/sq mi)[7] |
| Time zone | MSK/MSD (UTC+3/+4) |
| Founded | 1648[8] |
| Postal code(s) | 432xxx[9] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8422[10] |
| Official website | http://www.ulmeria.ru/ |
Ulyanovsk (Russian: Улья́новск, formerly Simbirsk (Симби́рск), is a city on the Volga River in Russia, 893 km east from Moscow. It is the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, and is the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin, for whom it is named. Population: 635,947 (2002 Census);[11] 625,155 (1989 Census).[12]
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[edit] History
Simbirsk was founded in 1648 by the boyar Bogdan Khitrovo. The fort of "Simbirsk" (alternatively "Sinbirsk") was strategically placed on a hill on the Western shore of the Volga River. The fort was meant to protect the eastern frontier of the Russian Empire from the nomadic tribes and to establish a permanent Imperial presence in the area.
In 1668 Simbirsk withstood a month-long siege by a 20,000-strong army led by rebel Cossack commander Stenka Razin. Also in Simbirsk another country rebel - Yemelyan Pugachev was imprisoned before execution. At the time Simbirsk possessed a wooden kremlin which was destroyed by a fire during the 18th century.
As the eastern border of the Russian Empire was rapidly pushed into Siberia, Simbirsk rapidly lost its strategic importance, but nonetheless began to develop into an important regional center. Simbirsk was designated a city in 1796.
In the summer of 1864 Simbirsk was severely damaged by fire, however the city was quickly rebuilt and continued to grow. The Holy Trinity Cathedral was constructed in a restrained Neoclassical style between 1827–1841. The population of Simbirsk reached 26,000 by 1856 and 43,000 by 1897.
In 1924, the city was renamed Ulyanovsk in honor of Vladimir Ulyanov, better known as Lenin, who was born in Simbirsk in 1870. Another Russian political leader, Alexander Kerensky was also born in Simbirsk.
The construction of the Kuybyshev hydroelectric plant (completed in 1957) 200 km downstream of Ulyanovsk resulted in the flooding of significant tracts of land both north and south of Ulyanovsk and increasing the width of the Volga by up to 35 km in some places. To this day, some populated neighborhoods of Ulyanovsk remain well below the level of the reservoir, protected from flooding by a dam: it is estimated that its catastrophic failure would submerge parts of the city comprising around 5% of its total population with as much as 10 m of water.
During the soviet period Ulyanovsk was an important tourist center, drawing visitors from around the USSR because of its revolutionary importance.
[edit] Climate
Ulyanovsk has a humid continental climate (meaning hot summers and cold winters). Average temperature is -11 °C (11 °F) in January, 19 °C (66 °F) in July. Autumns are generally warm, with snow beginning to accumulate by the middle of November. Winters tend to be cold but with moderate amounts of snowfall, nighttime lows occasionally dipping below -25 °C (-13 °F). Summer weather arrives in the middle of May. Precipitation averages about 480 millimeters annually. The city is subject to frequent, but moderate, droughts. Spring and summer are sunny, but autumn and winter are usually cloudy. Median annual temperature is 5 °C (42 °F). Ulyanovsk is located in the Moscow time zone (UTC+3).
| Weather data for Ulyanovsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.7 (42) |
5 (41) |
16.5 (62) |
30 (86) |
36.3 (97) |
37.2 (99) |
36.3 (97) |
36.2 (97) |
33.1 (92) |
25.7 (78) |
14.6 (58) |
6.2 (43) |
37.2 (99) |
| Average high °C (°F) | -7.7 (18) |
-7.1 (19) |
-0.4 (31) |
11.4 (53) |
20.8 (69) |
24.2 (76) |
25.4 (78) |
23.4 (74) |
17.3 (63) |
7.5 (46) |
-0.4 (31) |
-5.1 (23) |
9.5 (49) |
| Average low °C (°F) | -15.4 (4) |
-15.5 (4) |
-9.2 (15) |
0.9 (34) |
7.3 (45) |
12.2 (54) |
13.9 (57) |
11.7 (53) |
7.2 (45) |
0.2 (32) |
-5.9 (21) |
-11.7 (11) |
0.5 (33) |
| Record low °C (°F) | -39.1 (-38) |
-39.9 (-40) |
-31.1 (-24) |
-23.2 (-10) |
-6.9 (20) |
-2.8 (27) |
4.4 (40) |
-1.3 (30) |
-5 (23) |
-19.4 (-3) |
-28.6 (-19) |
-36.9 (-34) |
-39.9 (-40) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.14) |
21 (0.83) |
19 (0.75) |
29 (1.14) |
36 (1.42) |
66 (2.6) |
87 (3.43) |
47 (1.85) |
53 (2.09) |
41 (1.61) |
29 (1.14) |
27 (1.06) |
484 (19.06) |
| Source: Russian gidrometeocenter {{{accessdate}}} | |||||||||||||
[edit] Demographics
- Births (2008): 6,774
- Deaths (2008): 8,054 [13]
[edit] National composition
[edit] Economy
.jpg)
Ulyanovsk is a significant industrial city. The UAZ automobile manufacturing plant, Aviastar-SP Aircraft Company and UMZ are based in the city along with a variety of light industry and food-processing enterprises.
Tourism is a growing business in the city and the surrounding area.
The 31st Airborne Brigade of the Russian Airborne Troops of the armed forces is based in Ulyanovsk. An ammunition depot on the outskirts of the city was the scene of a large fatal fire on November 13, 2009.[14]
[edit] Transportation
A railway bridge across the Volga was built in 1912–1916 and two automobile lanes were added to it in 1953–1958, allowing for the city to expand on the Eastern bank of the river and transforming it into a local transportation hub.
The aging Ulyanovsk bridge, the only crossing of the Volga in the 400 km stretch from Kazan to Tolyatti, can no longer cope with the growing needs of the city. The chronic congestion caused by increasing traffic has made the construction of a second bridge imperative.
Construction of the new bridge began in the late 1980s, but was delayed significantly due to catastrophic economic circumstances following the collapse of the Soviet Union. When completed, the bridge will have a total length of 5.5 km, making it one of the longest in Europe. The new bridge is slated to enter service in 2009.[15]
Ulyanovsk is served by Ulyanovsk Vostochny Airport and Ulyanovsk Baratayevka Airport (Ulyanovsk Central Airport).
[edit] Education
Ulyanovsk is home to the Ulyanovsk State University, established in 1988 as a branch of Moscow State University. At the present time, USU is one of the largest higher educational institutions in the Volga region, comprising 6 institutes, 6 independent faculties, 2 affiliates, 5 junior colleges, 6 learning centers. USU enrolls about 15 thousand students annually, among them 125 foreign citizens from 20 countries of the world.
There is also a number of technical and pedagogical colleges in Ulyanovsk.
[edit] Architecture
During the Soviet period, Ulyanovsk lost much of its historical heritage. All traces of the original wooden fort are gone, as are all the churches of old Simbirsk; only a few 19th century buildings remain in the city, most notably the houses where Lenin lived between 1870–1887. The reconstruction of the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity was considered, but has since been canceled. However, historical constructions have remained many. Among them the house in which writer Goncharov was born, Protestant church and other buildings.
[edit] Gallery
 The Lutheran church |
 A view of Kirov street |
 The All-saints Church |
 The Victory monument |
 The Simbirsk Orthodox Brotherhood |
 The Simbirsk Orthodox Brotherhood |
 The city's Gas-fired power plant |
 A mosque in the New town |
[edit] Sports
Volga plays in the highest division of the Russian Bandy League. The other club Simbirsk plays in the 2nd division.
[edit] Notable people
- Vladimir Lenin
- Ilya Ulyanov
- Ivan Goncharov
- Alexander Pushkin (He was in Simbirsk)
- Nikolay Karamzin
- Andrey Sakharov (He was in Ulyanovsk)
- Alexander Kerensky
- Pyotr Chardynin (1873-1934), Russian film director
- Yusuf Akçura (1876-1935), Turkish nationalist
- Ludmila Belousova, Russian figure skater.
- Raphael Zon
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin towns — Sister cities
Ulyanovsk is twinned with:
[edit] Notes
- ^ http://ulmeria.ru/index.php?section=23
- ^ http://www.ulgov.ru/about/
- ^ http://www.ulgov.ru/about/
- ^ http://ulmeria.ru/index.php?section=3
- ^ http://www.ugd.ru/base/ustav/
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2002 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the Census (2002).
- ^ http://ulmeria.ru/index.php?section=104
- ^ http://postindex.delovoigorod.ru/ulyanovsk/center/
- ^ http://www.hella.ru/code/city/ulyanovsk_code.htm
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg2.php. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
- ^ www.regnum.ru/news/1112275.html
- ^ Major fire at Russia arms depot
- ^ Minister of Transport Russian Federation Igor Levitin in the course of working trip to Ulyanovsk Region will estimate the possibility of SEZ creation of port type, PRIME-TASS, Saransk, June 17, 2008
[edit] External links
- Live in Ulyanovsk (Russian)
- Ulyanovsk City Portal (Russian)
- Social network of townsmen of Ulyanovsk (Russian)
- The history of Simbirsk (Russian)
- High resolution satellite photos of Ulyanovsk (Russian)
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