Sindhudurg district

Sindhudurg district सिंधुदुर्ग जिल्हा
—  District of Maharashtra  —
Location of Sindhudurg district in Maharashtra
Country	India
State	Maharashtra
Administrative division	Konkan Division
Headquarters	Oros
Tehsils	1. Dodamarg, 2. Sawantwadi, 3. Vengurla, 4. Kudal, 5. Malvan, 6. Kankavli, 7. Devgad, 8. Vaibhavwadi
Government
• Lok Sabha constituencies	1. Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg (shared with Ratnagiri district) (Based on Election Commission website)
• Assembly seats	4
Area
• Total	5,207 km2 (2,010 sq mi)
Population (2001)
• Total	868,825
• Density	Bad rounding here170/km2 (Bad rounding here430/sq mi)
• Urban	9.47%
Demographics
• Literacy	80.3%
• Sex ratio	1079
Major highways	NH-17
Average annual precipitation	3,287 mm
Website	Official website

Sindhudurg (Marathi: सिंधुदुर्ग जिल्हा) is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India, which was carved out of the erstwhile Ratnagiri District. The district headquarters are located at Oros (ओरस). The district occupies an area of 5207 km² and has a population of 868,825 of which 9.47% were urban (as of 2001). [1]

The modern township of Sindhudurg Nagari is the headquarters of Sindhudurg district . The district is surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the east, the Belgaum District (Karnataka state) and Goa on the South and the Ratnagiri district on the North. Sindhudurg being a coastal district, the climate is generally moist and humid and the temperature variations during the day and throughout the seasons are not large. Sindhudurg is accessible by road on the NH-17 which passes through major towns of Kankavli, Kudal and Sawantwadi or by the picturesque journey on the Konkan Railway which stops at Kankavli,Sindhudurg, Kudal and Sawantwadi. The nearest airports are at Ratnagiri, Belgaum (Karnataka) and Dabolim (Goa).

As of 2011 it is the least populous district of Maharashtra (out of 39).

Origin of name

The district is named after the fort of Sindhudurg (which means "fort in the sea"), which lies on a rocky island just off the coast of Malvan (मालवण). Sindhudrg fort built in 16th Century by Raja Shivaji is the only fort which has shivaji temple inside the fort and palm mark of King Shivaji. Sindhudurg is the only district in Maharashtra having highest number of forts (37 Nos.) as well as all types of forts (Jaldurg - Sea), (Bhuikot - fort on land) and (Giri- fort on hilltop)

History

Sindhudurg district was established on 1 May 1981. It is the southern part of the greater tract known as Konkan, which is historically famous for its long coast line and safe harbors, and was previously part of Ratnagiri district. Sindhudurg district now comprises eight tahsils: Sawantwadi, Kudal, Vengurla, Malvan, Devgad, Kankavli, Vaibhavwadi and Dodamarg. The word Konkan is of Indian origin and of considerable antiquity, though its origin has never been sufficiently explained.^{[citation needed]}

The seven kingdoms of the Konkan of Hindu mythology are mentioned in the 'Hindu History of Kashmir' and are said to have included nearly the whole west coast of India. The Pandavas, are said to have passed through this region in the 13 th year of their exile and had settled in this area for some time . The Raja of this region Veerat Ray had accompanied them in the famous war at Kurukshetra with the Kauravas.In the second century A.D. The great empire of Mauryas annexed all the Konkan coast. In the middle of the sixth century, kings of the Maurya and Nala dynasties appear to have been ruling in the Konkan. The district of Ratnagiri was under the Silahars and the capital of their kingdom was probably Goa and later it may have been transferred to a more central place in the vicinity of Ratnagiri or Kharepatan.

Chandrapur was one of the most ancient towns in Kokan, probably founded by Chandraditya a son of the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II.The 16th century saw the advent and rise of Portuguese power on the west coast of India and Sindhudurg was no exception. The sultan lost hold on the district in 1675 with the rise of Shivaji leading finally into the hands of Marathas. Marathas continued to the district till 1817 i.e. when the struggle between the British and the Peshvas came to an end and the whole of Konkan was transferred to the British.In 1819 South Konkan was formed as separate district with its headquarters first at Bankot and later at Ratnagiri . Three northern subdivisions were transferred to Thane District in 1830 and the district was reduced to a sub-collectorate level under Thane district .

In 1832, it was again made a full-fledged district and named as Ratnagiri district. In the year 1945, a new mahal ( tahsil) called Kankavli Mahal (tahcil) was formed . The former Indian state of Sawantwadi was merged with the district and the taluka boundaries were reorganized in the year 1949. In the same year the new taluka of the Sawantwadi was created and two new mahals namely Kudal and Lanja were formed . With the reorganization of the states in 1956, the district was included in the Bombay state and since 1960, it forms a part of Maharashtra.The name of the district has been adopted form the famous sea fort of Sindhudurg. This was built by Shivaji Maharaj near Malwan and it literally means 'Sea Fort'. Its construction started on November 25, 1664 and after 3 years it was completed in such a fashion that it could not be seen easily by the enemy coming from the Arabian Sea.

Statistical Details

Population 8,68,825 Male 4,17,890 Female 4,50,935 Literacy 80.30% Male 90.30% Female 71.20% Density 167 Per km². Sex Ratio 1079 ( For 1000 Male)

The area is largely rural populated with 91% of rural population of the total population of 868825.

• Tahsil's:

1. Dodamarg
2. Sawantwadi
3. Vengurla
4. Kudal
5. Malvan
6. Kankavli
7. Devgad
8. Vaibhavwadi

• Panchayat Samiti:

1. Dodamarg
2. Sawantwadi
3. Vengurla
4. Kudal
5. Malvan
6. Kankavli
7. Devgad
8. Vaibhavwadi

• Nagar Palika:

1. Vengurla
2. Sawantwadi
3. Malvan
4. Kankavli

• Gram Panchayat: 433
• Tot. Villages: 743
• No. of Towns: 5
• Police Stations: 9
• Police outpost: 23

Transport & Communication

Total Railway track 103 km Villages Connected by roads 743 Total Road Length 4640 km National Highway 108 km State Highway 668 km Dist. Roads 1473 km Village Roads 2391 Railway stations- (7) Vaibhavwadi, Nandagav, Kankavli, Sindhudurgnagari, Kudal, Sawantwadi, Madura

Agriculture Details

Major Crops Rice, Coconut, kokam, Mango, Cashew Annual Crop kokam, Mango, Cashew Irrigated 33,910 Hector Non-Irrigated. 1,04,390 Hector Forest 38,643 Hector 74% of total land holding in the district, are held by small and marginal farmers. The irrigated area is only 23.48% through well and small channels.

Irrigation

Major Projects 2 (Tilari & Talamba) Medium Projects 4 Small Projects State owned : 33, Z.P. owned : 460

Education Section

Primary Schools Zilla Parishad - 1469, Private - 49 Secondary Schools Grantable : 184, Central Govt. : 1, Private : 22 Junior Colleges 43 Senior Colleges 7 D.Ed./ B.Ed Colleges 4 + 1 Medical Colleges 2 Engineering Colleges 1 Polytechnic Colleges 1 Industrial Training Institutes (ITI)- (7) 1.Sawntwadi 2.Malvan 3.Deogad 4.Sindhudurgnagari 5.Vengurla 6.Phondaghat 7.Vaibhavwadi

Banking Sector

Nationalised Banks 66 Branches Cooperative Banks 106 Branches Rural Banks 15 Branches

Fisheries

Sea Coast Length 121 KM Fishing Area 16000 km². Main Fisheries Centers - (8) Vijaydurg, Devgad, Achara, Malvan, Sarjekot, Kochara, Vengurla, Shiroda Fisherman Population 25365 Total Fish Production 19273 M. Tons Fisheries Co.Op. Soc. 34 (Total Members 14216)

Location

Sindhudurg is bordered on the north by Ratnagiri District, on the south by the state of Goa, on the west by the Arabian Sea, and to the east across the crest of the Western Ghats or Sahyadris is Kolhapur District. Sindhudurg is part of Konkan (coastal) region, a narrow coastal plain in western Maharashtra which lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.

Climate

Sindhudurg has a semi-tropical climate and remains warm and humid in most of the year. It has three clear seasons : Rainy (June - October), winter (November-mid February) and Summer (mid February–May). Temperatures vary between Max. 32°C and monsoon winds bring heavy rains (average rainfall 3240.10 mm).

People

The people of Sindhudurg District mostly speak a distinct Konkani dialect Malvani, though Marathi, Konkani and English are also spoken and understood by majority of population.

Cities & Towns

Cities in the district include:

• Sawantvadi
• Kudal
• Oros
• Kankavli
• Devgad
• Vengurla
• Malvan

Smaller towns include:

• Talere
• Vaibhavwadi
• Shirgaon
• Kharepatan
• Achara
• Banda
• Amboli - hill resort
• oros
• Kasal
• Katta

Cuisine

The cuisine of the district is popularly known as Malvani cuisine. Coconut, Rice and Fish assume prime significance in the Malavani cuisine. Seafood containing fish, especially Bangada (Soloman) Paplet (Pomfret), Prawns, Bombil (Bombay Duck) and Tisrya (Mussels) is very popular. "Kombdi Vade", a chicken savoury, is the most popular dish here. Others include Ukadya Tandulachi Pej (उकड्या तांदळाची पेज - a semi-fluid boiled preparation made of brown-red rice variety) and Sol Kadhi (सोल कढी - A preparation made of Sol (Kokum) सोल and coconut milk). Dry fish is also a local delicasy like "Golma" (dried prawns).

Malvani cuisine is one of the unique cuisine than rest of the Maharashtra with very low oil and spices but very testy with use of locally available spices. Even TAJ group has also included Malvani cuisine in their menu. Below are some of the famous dishes/ sweets are Malvani

• Kombadi vade (Puris made of rice atta)
• Ghavane - Ras
• Amboli - Usual
• Shirvale
• Dhondas
• All types of fry fishes and fish curries in Malvani masala
• Solkadi
• Khaprolya
• Ukadiche Modak in Malvani style
• Nevrya
• Olya Kajuchi Usual

Mango is a major factor to the life of Sindhudurg. Varieties of Alphonso Mango (हापुस आंबा ) from Devgad are particularly popular. Other varieties of mango: Mankur (मानकुर), Pāyari (पायरी) and Karel (करेल - used for preparing Mango Pickle) are also popular for their distinct taste.

The Malvani cuisine also has many vegetarian dishes, including garyache sandan, pickle of karmal, bimble, amba halad, karadichi bhakri, kanyacha sanja, appe, ghavan, dalimichi usual, and kaju usual.

Places of attraction

• Tilari Dam (Dodamarg)
• Vengurla Website
• Redi Ganesh Vengurla
• Navadurga Temple at Redi
• Navdurga Redi
• Amboli Hill Station Sawantwadi
• Sindhudurg Fort Malvan
• Vijaydurg Fort Devgad
• Dev Kaleshwar Temple, Nerur
• Kunkeshwar temple, Devgad
• Lakshminarayan Temple, Walwal
• Shri Bramhanand Swami Math, Ozar (Taluka Malvan)
• Shri Sai Baba Temple (First and oldest temple of Saibaba in India), Kudal
• Napapne Waterfall, Vaibhavwadi
• Bharadi Devi temple, Aangnewadi
• Achara Beach and Rameshwar Temple (16th Century)
• Shree Dev Rameshwar Temple, Achara
• Bhalchandra Maharaj Ashram, Kankavli
• Mangeli waterfall (Dodamarg Taluka - near Goa)
• Amboli hill station near Sawantwadi
• Shri Dev Rameshwar temple (17th Century) in Aakeri, Sawantwadi
• Shri Dev Rameshwar temple (15th Century) in Girye Rameshwar, Vijaydurg
• Shri Dev Kaleshwar temple, Nerur (Kudal)
• Shri Dev Kudaleshwar Temple, Kudal
• Shri Dev Laxmi Narayan, Walawal (Kudal)
• Shri Devi Mauli Temple, Walawal (Kudal)
• Shri Devi Yakshini Temple, Mangaon (Kudal)
• Shri Dev Rameshwar Temple, Humarmala- walawal (Kudal)
• Shri Devi Sateri Shantadurga Temple, Mhapan (Vengurle)
• Shri Dev Siddheshwar Temple, Mhapan (Vengurle)
• Shri Dev Adnarayan Temple, Parule (Vengurle)
• Shri Devi Chamundeshwari Temple, Aandurle (Kudal)
• Shri Dev Vetoba temple, Parule (Vengurle)
• Shri Dev Maruti Temple, Kudal City

Beaches

• Redi
• Shiroda
• Tarkarli
• Malvan
• Vijaydurg
• Velagar
• Bhogve
• Nivati (Mhapan - Taluka Vengurle)
• Khavne (Mhapan - Taluka Vengurle)
• Kondura (Dabholi - Taluka Vengurle)
• Devbaug (Malvan)
• Wayaangani (Vengurle)
• Sagareshwar (Vengurle)
• Achara (Malvan)
• Mochemad, Aravali(Vengurle)
• Mithbaon (Devgad)
• Chivla, Rajkot (Malvan)
• Bhogve (Vengurle) - you can see this beach in famous marathi movie 'Shwaas'

Sindhudurg Guide

Sindhudurg Tour Guide Pvt Ltd is an innovative initiative launched to boost tourism in Sindhudurg district. The organization trains youth from local communities to take various self employment opportunities in tourism industry. These trainees are later motivated to run businesses like tourist guides, tour operators, travel agency, rental cars, home stays, agro tourism, water sports and village tourism. More details about this initiatives can be found on www.sindhudurgguide.com.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Sindhudurg district has a population of 848,868, roughly equal to the nation of Qatar or the US state of South Dakota. This gives it a ranking of 474th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 163 inhabitants per square kilometre (420 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was -2.3 %. Sindhudurg has a sex ratio of 1037 females for every 1000 males which is second highest in Maharashtra, and a literacy rate of 86.54%.

Divisions

The 8 talukas of this district are Devgad, Kankavli, Malvan, Kudal, Savantwadi, Vengurla and Dodamarg and Vaibhavwadi.

There are 3 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district. These are Kankavli, Sawantwadi and Kudal. All of these are part of the Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg Lok Sabha constituency.

Transportation

The Sindudurg district is connected to state capital Mumbai by road through National Highway 17 ( NH-17 ) which is now renumbered as NH-66. This highway also connects district to neighbouring state Goa and Karnataka also. There are regular MSRTC and private luxury buses connecting to adjoining cities like Kolhapur (110 km away from Kanakavli City), Belgaum (90 km away from Sawantwadi City), Panaji - Goa (55 km away from Sawantwadi & Vengurle). Towns and major villages has good connectivity with Mumbai as major migrated population of district is located in Mumbai area. According to one source, there are roughly more than 120 luxury buses running daily towards Mumbai and suburbs. District is also well connected by Konkan railway to Mumbai, Thane,Goa and other parts of the country like Mangaluru, Karwar Ernakualam, Thiruvananthapuram, Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Hapa, Veraval, New Delhi, Jodhpur, Porbundar by Konkan rail. The main railway station on this line are Kudal, Kankavli and Sawantwadi. There are daily train services to these places. The nearest airport is Dabolim airport in Goa which is very close for cities like Sawantwadi, Kudal and Vengurle.

External links

• Sindhudurg Guide Website
• sindhudurg tourism Website
• sindhudurg tourism
• Sindhudurg district official website
• Vengurla Website

mangeli(fanaswadi)the part of westerm ghat. and end part of state of

maharadtra.
     here are many different types of waterfalls and within this article we are going to take a look at each one of them and you will undoubtedly be able to recognise an example of a waterfall from the types below. Some of the waterfall types are more common than others and you will be able to associate them with the famous falls. The first of the waterfall types is the Block, this is a common type and can be seen when the water comes down over the edge from a wide stream or river. Some of the more famous block style water falls would include the Grand Canyon of which this has a very wide river flowing over the edge of the fall. Some of the smaller waterfalls that are carved out of the rock face include the Cascade, and this style is actually very common in many areas of the world. The cascade waterfall you can see the water flowing over the rocks as if the water has actually carved out the path, rather than with the block waterfall where the water flows straight over the edge. Just from these two versions you can see that there can be a big difference in the look and feel of the falls from area to area and waterfall to waterfall. Another very common type of fall is the Fan, and this is where the water spreads out horizontally across the fall while still keeping in contact with the face of the rock. These are common place and fascinating to see as it appears that the water is actually moving in a side to side motion. If you are looking for a very impressive feature then the Tiered waterfalls are simply awesome. The tiered effect happens when the water drops in what could almost be described as a series of mini waterfalls. and also wild natural beauti al wiil al gree forest. this is place siturated in dodamarg taluka. and also highlly auspasice about the western ghat. because this place is part of western ghat.