Skomer

Skomer

A map showing Skomer Island
Skomer (Dyfed, Wales)
Geography
Location	Jack Sound
Coordinates	51.73611°N 5.29628°W / 51.73611; -5.29628
Area	2.92 km2 (1.127 sq mi)
Length	3.2 km (1.99 mi)
Width	2.4 km (1.49 mi)
Country
Wales
County	Pembrokeshire
Demographics
Ethnic groups	Welsh people

Skomer is a 2.92 km² island off the coast of southwest Wales, one of a chain lying within a kilometre off the Pembrokeshire coast and separated from the mainland by the treacherous waters of Jack Sound. Skomer Island measures approximately 2.4 km (1.5 mi) north-south and 3.2 km (2 mi) east-west.

After the war, the owner had offered the West Wales Field Society, now The Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales, the opportunity to make a survey of Skomer which was accepted and the Skomer opened for visitors from April 1946. It was last permanently inhabited by the Codd family (all year round) in 1950, and is known for its stone circle, standing stone and remains of prehistoric houses, as well as for its abundant wildlife. Skomer is a National Nature Reserve, a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Special Protection Area. Much of Skomer has also been designated an Ancient Monument. It is surrounded by a Marine Nature Reserve. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales.

Wildlife

Skomer is best known for its large breeding seabird population, including Manx Shearwaters, Guillemots, Razorbills, Great Cormorants, Black-legged Kittiwakes, Atlantic Puffins, European Storm-petrels, Common Shags, Eurasian Oystercatchers and gulls, as well as birds of prey including Short-eared Owls, Common Kestrels and Peregrine Falcons. The island is also home to Grey Seals, Common Toads, Slow-worms, a breeding population of Glow-worms and a variety of wildflowers. Harbour Porpoises occur in the surrounding waters. The Skomer Vole, a sub-species of Bank Vole, is endemic to the island.

Atlantic Puffin

Atlantic puffin.

There are over 10,000 breeding pairs of Puffins on Skomer and Skokholm Islands, making them one of the most important Puffin colonies in Britain. They arrive in mid-April to nest in burrows, many of which have been dug by the island's large rabbit population. The last Puffins leave the island by the second or third week in July. They feed mainly on small fish and Sand Eels; often Puffins can be seen with up to a dozen small eels in their beaks. After a period of declining numbers between the 1950s and 1970s, the size of the colony is growing again at 1–2% a year (as of 2006). By 2004, there were numerous Puffin burrows on the island and adults flying back with food run across the walkways oblivious to the tourists.

Manx Shearwater

With an estimated 128,000^{[citation needed]} breeding pairs, Skomer and 'sister' island Skokholm are the world's most important breeding site for these birds, the numbers comprising over half the world population of the species. They usually nest in rabbit burrows, a pair reportedly using the same burrow year after year.

Shearwaters are not easy to see as they come and go at dusk, but a CCTV camera in one of the burrows allows subterranean nesting activity to be seen on the screen in Lockley Lodge on the mainland at Martin's Haven. The remains of Shearwaters killed by the island's population of Greater Black-backed Gulls can also be seen.

The Manx Shearwater has a remarkable life. After fledging the young birds migrate to the South Atlantic off the coast of Brazil. They remain there at sea for five years before returning to breed on their natal island. On their return they navigate back to within a few metres of the burrow in which they were born. As they are ungainly and vulnerable on the land, they leave their burrows at dawn for the fishing grounds some fifty kilometres out to sea, not returning until dusk. Thus they attempt to avoid the gulls to which they would fall easy prey.

Skomer Vole

Skomer has one unique mammal: the Skomer Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus skomerensis), a distinct form of the Bank Vole. The lack of land-based predators on the island means that the bracken habitat is an ideal place for the vole, with the population reaching around 20,000 during the summer months. Then the resident Short-eared Owls may be seen patrolling the areas close to the farmhouse in the centre of the island for voles to feed their young.

Access

Boats sail to Skomer from Martin's Haven on the mainland, a 15–20 minute trip every day except Monday (Bank Holiday Mondays excepted) from April to October at 10am, 11am and 12 noon. Return is between 3pm and 4pm but the boatman will advise on the day. There are limits on the number of people allowed to visit the island (currently 250 per day), and long queues can develop early each morning. In 2005–06, there was a renovation project of the farm buildings which included the old barn for improved overnight visitor and research accommodation, the volunteers' quarters were rebuilt and the warden's house at North Haven was also rebuilt. Solar power provides hot water and a small amount of electricity for lighting. Self-catering visitor accommodation is now available from April to October.

Gallery

• 

  North Haven showing the Warden's House
• 

  Lesser Black-backed Gulls on Morry's Pond
• 

  Puffin at the Wick with food
• 

  Puffin landing at the Wick
• 

  Rabbits on the south side

External links

• Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales
• www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Skomer Island
• Skomer Island
• Birds at Skomer Island

grid reference SM725093