Sodium periodate

Sodium periodate
IUPAC name Sodium periodate
Other names Sodium metaperiodate
Identifiers
CAS number	7790-28-5 Y
PubChem	23667635
ChemSpider	58683 Y
EC number	232-197-6
RTECS number	SD4550000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES [O-]I(=O)(=O)=O.[Na+]
InChI InChI=1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-REWHXWOFAO InChI=1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Properties
Molecular formula	NaIO4
Molar mass	213.8918 g/mol
Appearance	white crystals
Density	3.865 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 3/210 g/cm3
Melting point	300 °C (anhydrous) 175 °C (trihydrate) (decomp)
Solubility in water	soluble
Solubility	soluble in acids
Structure
Crystal structure	tetragonal (anhydrous) trigonal (trihydrate)
Related compounds
Other anions	sodium perchlorate, sodium perbromate
Other cations	potassium periodate
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Sodium periodate is the sodium salt of periodic acid. It can refer to two different chemical compounds, sodium metaperiodate (often abbreviated as m-periodate), which has the formula NaIO₄, and sodium orthoperiodate (often abbreviated as o-periodate), which has the formula Na₂H₃IO₆. Both salts are useful in certain synthetic chemistries for the oxidative power of the periodate ion.

Properties

Density is 3.865 g cm⁻³. It is soluble in water.

Preparation

Sodium metaperiodate can be isolated from the oxidation of sodium iodide with sodium hypochlorite and is best recrystallized from nitric acid. However, electrochemistry offers an easier alternative.

Uses

Sodium periodate is used to oxidize cellulose and create a biocompatible and biodegradable compound that can be used as suture, as a scaffold for tissue engineering, or for drug delivery.

Sodium periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups. This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin. Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3'-termini of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.