Solar power in Turkey
Solar power in Turkey. Turkey is located in an advantageous position in Europe for the purposes of solar power. Compared to the rest of Europe, insolation values are higher and conditions for solar power generation are comparable to Spain.
The main solar energy utilizations in Turkey are the flat-plate collectors in domestic hot water systems. Turkey is one of the leading countries in the world with a total installed capacity of 7.8 GWth as of 2008[1] (8,200,000 m² collector area as of 2001.[citation needed]) The systems are mostly used in Aegean and Mediterranean regions.[citation needed] Total annual energy production equals to 290,000 TOE (tons oil equivalent).[citation needed]
The industry is well developed with high quality manufacturing and export capacity. The number of companies is around 100 and annual manufacturing capacity is 750,000 m².[citation needed]
Initial utilization of photovoltaic and CSP systems was limited, with the usage of some governmental organizations in remote service areas such as telecom stations, forest fire observation towers and highway emergency. In May 2012, total installed peak power is estimated as 5 MW. A "solar house" was completed in April 2012, with a 24 kW solar panel in Antalya. Excess electricity generated goes onto the grid but is not paid for.[2] Over 90% of installed photovoltaics is not grid connected. As in other countries, this will change as more is installed, and users take advantage of net metering, allowing them to generate electricity when they can, and use it whenever they wish.
A large 100 MW solar plant is planned for southern Turkey, using locally made solar panels.[3]
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Photovoltaics installed[edit]
It is estimated that 4 to 5 MW will be installed in 2012, 50 to 100 MW in 2013, and as much as 1000 MW in 2014, each of 500 kW or less. It is not expected that any large, utility scale projects will be constructed before 2014.[4]
| Year | Installed | Total (MWp) | Generated (GWh) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | .75 | 4 | |
| 2009 | 1 | 5 | |
| 2010 | 1 | 6 | |
| 2011 | 1 | 7 |
Insolation[edit]
- The annual average total insolation duration is 2640 hours (7.2 hours per day).
- Average annual solar radiation is 1311 kW·h/(m²·yr) or 3.6 kW·h/(m²·d).
Covering one half of one percent of the land area of Turkey with solar panels would be sufficient to generate all of the electricity used.
Policies, laws and incentives[edit]
Turkey enacted its second Renewable Energy Law, namely Law No. 6094 Concerning the use of Renewable Energy Resources for the Generation of Electrical Energy, in 2010. [8]
Solar energy sources are covered by this law, which decrees that facilities which generate electricity from renewable energy sources will be granted a renewable energy resources certificate (RER Certificate) which will entitle such facilities to benefit from the incentives provided by the Law. EMRA is the competent authority to grant the RER Certificates.
The current Law allows incentives of 13.3 USD-cents/kW·h for electricity produced from solar energy. Domestic producers are encouraged in this way 20 USD-cents/kW·h. Considering the high amount of capital needed for a solar plant installation, this incentive is not enough to create a viable solar power market in Turkey.
In order to promote solar energy the Turkish government is preparing new legislation and a higher feed-in-tariff.
References[edit]
- ^ RE 2009
- ^ A Solar City Tries to Rise in Turkey Despite Lack of Federal Support
- ^ Europe’s Biggest Solar Farm To Be Built In Turkey
- ^ Turkey’s Small Solar Plant Rules to Spur Boom in Installations
- ^ Trends Report 2010
- ^ Trends Report 2008
- ^ Trends Report 2009
- ^ Renewable Energy Law
External links[edit]
- Turkish Electric Power
- What is Solar Power
- Solar Maps of Turkey
- Turkish Hi-tech enterprise Solar Manufacturer
- Turkey's Established Solar Power Company
- Edessa Solar Project
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