Gravelly Hill Interchange
Gravelly Hill Interchange, better known by its nickname Spaghetti Junction,[1] is junction 6 of the M6 motorway where it meets the A38(M) Aston Expressway in Birmingham, England.
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[edit] Overview
Its colloquial name of "Spaghetti Junction" is said to have been coined in the 1970s by Roy Smith, a journalist from the Birmingham Evening Mail,[2] though this descriptive label was widely adopted from the outset.[3] It provides access to and from the A38 (Tyburn Road), A38 (M) (Aston Expressway), the A5127 (Lichfield Road/Gravelly Hill), and several unclassified local roads.
The junction covers 30 acres (12 ha), serves 18 routes and includes 4 km (2.5 mi) of slip roads, but only 1 km (0.62 mi) of the M6 itself. Across 5 different levels, it has 559 concrete columns, reaching up to 24.4 m (80 ft). The engineers had to elevate 21.7 km (13.5 mi) of motorway to accommodate two railway lines, three canals, and two rivers.
The development of the interchange was approved and announced in August 1968 by the then Minister of Transport, Richard Marsh. Construction was expected to take three years and to cost £8m.[4]
Construction started in 1968 and the junction was opened in May 1972 by the then Secretary of State for the Environment, Peter Walker.[3] The opening was delayed by several months because of "box girder inspections".[5] These followed the interim report of the Merrison Enquiry set up following the collapse of similar box girder bridges in Australia and Wales.[6] In an unusual meeting of old and new transport technology, the pillars supporting the flyovers over the Birmingham Canal Navigations had to be carefully placed to enable a horse-drawn canal boat to pass under the interchange without fouling the towing rope. The junction has undergone major repair work several times since, owing to the very heavy traffic through the junction, and some alleged cost-saving measures during its construction.[7] In November 2007, a sliproad running from the Tyburn Road onto the Aston Expressway was closed to undergo urgent repair works. Upon inspection, it was found that Spaghetti Junction itself was in need of repair work because salt and grit had weakened the joints in the structure.[8]
The student magazine of Birmingham City University, Spaghetti Junction, takes its name from the interchange's nickname.
[edit] Co-located junctions
Underneath the motorway junction are the meeting points of local roads; the river Tame's confluences with the River Rea and Hockley Brook; electricity lines; gas pipelines; the Cross-City and Walsall railway lines, and Salford Junction where the Grand Union Canal, Birmingham and Fazeley Canal and Tame Valley Canal meet.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "London road junction 'scariest'". BBC News. 2007-12-12. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7140892.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- ^ Swingler, Steve (21 May 2002). "Built to Last?; Spaghetti Junction is 30 years old . . . and it Isn't Wearing Well". The Birmingham Evening Mail (Birmingham).
- ^ a b "Spaghetti Junction-the gateway to London". The Times: p. 2. May 25, 1972.
- ^ "£20m Motorway links for Midlands". The Times (London): p. 2. August 20, 1968.
- ^ Charles Bulmer (ed) (19 February 1972). "On the road". Motor: 48.
- ^ "M1 box-girder viaduct to be strengthened". The Times: p. 2. Nov 24, 1971.
- ^ "The Motorway Archive; Midland Links Motorways". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m5m6midlink.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
- ^ "Urgent fix for Spaghetti Junction". BBC News. 2007-12-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/7123193.stm. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
[edit] External links
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