Spariformes
| Spariformes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Clade: | Percomorpha |
| Order: | Spariformes Bleeker, 1860 |
| Families | |
|
See text | |
Spariformes is an order of ray-finned fishes consisting of 6 families within the series Percomorpha.
Taxonomy[edit]
Spariformes was first used as a taxonomic term in 1860 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker.[1] Traditionally the taxa within the Spariformes were classified within the Perciformes, with some authorities using the term "Sparoid lineage" for the families Centracanthidae, Nemipteridae, Lethrinidae and Sparidae.[2] Since then the use of molecular phylogenetics in more modern classifications has meant that the Spariformes is recognised as a valid order within the Percomorpha containing six families, with Callanthidae, Sillaginidae and Lobotidae included.[3] Other workers have found that the Centracanthidae is synonymous with Sparidae and that the Spariformes contains only the remaining three families of the "Sparoid lineage".[4] Studies have further suggested that the order Tetraodontiformes are the closest taxonomic grouping to the Spariformes.[5]
Families[edit]
Spariformes contains the following six families, according to the 5th edition of Fishes of the World:[3][6]
- Callanthiidae Ogilby, 1899 (Splendid perches or groppos)
- Sillaginidae Richardson, 1846 (Sillagos)
- Lobotidae Gill, 1861 (Tripletails)
- Nemipteridae Regan, 1913 (Threadfin breams)
- Lethrinidae Bonaparte, 1831 (Emperor breams)
- Sparidae Rafinesque, 1818 (Porgies)
References[edit]
- ^ P. Bleeker (1860). "Zesde Bijrag tot de kennis der Vischfauna van Japan". Verhandelingen der Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indië (in Dutch). 8: 1–104.
- ^ Kent E. Carpenter and G. David Johnson (2002). "A phylogeny of sparoid fishes (Perciformes, Percoidei) based on morphology". Ichthyological Research. 49 (2): 114–127. doi:10.1007/s102280200015.
- ^ a b Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162). doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477.
- ^ Paschalis Natsidis; Alexandros Tsakogiannis; Pavlos Pavlidis; Costas S. Tsigenopoulos & Tereza Manousaki (2019). "Phylogenomics investigation of sparids (Teleostei: Spariformes) using high-quality proteomes highlights the importance of taxon sampling". Communications Biology. 2 (400). doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0654-5. PMC 6825128.
- ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.