River Spey

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River Spey

The River Spey at Aberlour
Origin Loch Spey (grid reference NN419937)
Mouth Moray Firth at Spey Bay
Basin countries Scotland
Length 107 miles (172 km)
Avg. discharge 64 m³/s[1]
Basin area 3008 km²[1]

The River Spey (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Spè) is a river in the northeast of Scotland, the second longest and the fastest-flowing river in Scotland. It is important for salmon fishing and whisky production.

Contents

[edit] Etymology

The origins of the name are unclear though 'hawthorn river' has been suggested (from a word linked to the Brythonic 'yspyddad') as has a derivation from the pre-Celtic 'squeas' meaning vomit or gush. Ptolemy named the river on his map of c AD 150 as Tuesis. The name 'Spey' first appears in 1451.[2]

[edit] Course

The Spey is 107 miles long. It rises at over 1000 feet (300 m) at Loch Spey in Corrieyairack Forest in the Scottish Highlands, 10 miles (16 km) south of Fort Augustus. The river descends to flow through Newtonmore and Kingussie, crossing Loch Insh before reaching Aviemore, giving its name to Strathspey. From there it flows the remaining 60 miles (97 km) north-east to the Moray Firth, reaching the sea 5 miles west[3] of Buckie.

Certain sections of the Spey change their course very frequently, either (relatively) gradually as a result of deposition and erosion from normal flow, or in a matter of hours as a result of going into spate. The Spey spates very quickly due to its wide catchment area in the mountains, as a result of rainfall or snow-melt.

Catchment of the River Spey within Scotland.

Insh Marshes, areas of roughly two miles on either side of the Spey in the lower reaches are designated by Scottish Natural Heritage as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, as are the extensive shingle systems at Spey Bay.

Tributaries of the River Spey.

[edit] Tributaries

After leaving Loch Spey the river gathers to itself numerous burns in the Corrieyarack, Sherramore and Glenshirra Forests. However the first sizeable tributary is that of the Markie Burn which drops out of Glen Markie to the north to enter the waters of the Spey impounded behind the Spey Dam. A further mile downstream the River Mashie enters from Strath Mashie to the south.

The River Truim enters on the right bank a couple of miles above Newtonmore and the Highland Calder enters from Glen Banchor on the left bank at Spey Bridge at Newtonmore. At Kingussie the Spey is joined via its left bank by the Allt Mor which runs through the town and 1.5 miles downstream it is joined by the River Tromie which enters on the right bank.

The sizeable River Feshie joins on the right bank at Kincraig and the River Druie does likewise at Aviemore.

Several miles downstream the River Nethy joins from the east near Nethy Bridge and the River Dulnain originating in the Monadhliath contributes a considerable flow from the west near Dulnain Bridge.

Between Grantown-on-Spey and Craigellachie the Burn of Tulchan and Allt a Gheallaidh join from the west whilst the Spey's most important tributary, the River Avon joins from the east. The Allt Arder and Knockando Burn also join from the west near Knockando.

The River Fiddich enters from the right at Craigellachie and the Burn of Rothes enters from the left at Rothes. Downstream a few more burns enter the Spey, the most important of which are the Burn of Mulben, Red Burn and Burn of Fochabers.

[edit] Industry

The river traditionally supported many local industries, from the still popular salmon fishing industry to shipbuilding. At one stage, Garmouth functioned as the shipbuilding capital of the UK, with timber from the forests around Aviemore and Aberlour being rafted down to create wooden hulled ships.

The river is also known by anglers for the quality of its salmon and trout fishing, including a particular form of fly fishing where the fisher uses a double-handed fly rod to throw a 'Spey cast' whereby the fly and the line do not travel behind the fisher (thereby keeping these away from the bushes and trees lining the banks behind him or her). This type of cast was developed on the Spey.

Speyside distilleries produce more whisky than any other region.

The Speyside Way, a long-distance footpath, follows the River Spey through some of Morayshire's most beautiful[citation needed] scenery.

The River Spey is unusual in that its speed increases as it flows closer to the sea, due to a broadly convex long-profile. The mean flow is around 16 m/s making it the fastest flowing river in Scotland, and possibly in the UK (depending on what constitutes a river). The Spey does not meander, although it does rapidly move its banks. South of Fochabers a high earth barrier reinforces the banks, but the river has broken through on several occasions, removing a large portion of Garmouth Golf Course, sections of wall surrounding Gordon Castle, parts of the Speyside Way and some of the B9104 road.

The River Spey in spate at the Garmouth old rail bridge

The Spey railway bridge (pedestrianised as of 2010 ) Spey Bay to Garmouth was originally designed[by whom?] with the main span over the main flow of the river, however before construction was completed the river had changed its course and was running at one end of the bridge.

[edit] Settlements

from source

[edit] External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Spey.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b "Spey Fishery Board". http://www.speyfisheryboard.com/spey_river.htm. Retrieved August 21, 2006. 
  2. ^ Ross, D. 2001 Scottish Place-names Birlinn, Edinburgh p200
  3. ^ Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 scale Landranger map sheets 28 Elgin, 34 Fort Augustus, 35 Kingussie, 36 Grantown & Aviemore and 42 Loch Rannoch

Coordinates: 57°00′26″N 4°36′18″W / 57.00729°N 4.60499°W / 57.00729; -4.60499

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