Spiritualism (philosophy)
In philosophy, spiritualism is the notion, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses.[1] This includes philosophies that postulate a personal God, the immortality of the soul, or the immortality of the intellect or will, as well as any systems of thought that assume a universal mind or cosmic forces lying beyond the reach of purely materialistic interpretations.[1] Generally, any philosophical position, be it dualism, monism, atheism, theism, pantheism, idealism or any other, is compatible with spiritualism as long as it allows for a reality beyond matter.[1][2] Theism is an example of a dualist spiritualist philosophy, while pantheism is an example of monist spiritualism.[2] Spiritualism has held a particularly prominent position in French philosophy.[3]
[edit] Notable spiritualist thinkers
- Aristotle[1]
- Henri Bergson[1]
- F. H. Bradley[1]
- René Descartes[1]
- Maine de Biran[4]
- Giovanni Gentile[1]
- William Ernest Hocking[1]
- Louis Lavelle[1]
- René Le Senne[1]
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz[1]
- Pindar[1]
- Plato[1]
- Josiah Royce[1]
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Encyclopædia Britannica, "Spiritualism (in philosophy)", britannica.com
- ^ a b William James (1 January 1977). A pluralistic universe. Harvard University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-674-67391-5. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
- ^ Gary Gutting (2001). French philosophy in the twentieth century. Cambridge University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-521-66559-9. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
- ^ Su-Young Park-Hwang (1998), L'habitude dans le spiritualisme français: Maine de Biran, Ravaisson, Bergson, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion.
[edit] See also
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