St. Cloud, Minnesota

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St. Cloud, Minnesota
—  City  —
Buildings on 5th Avenue in downtown St. Cloud

Seal
Nickname(s): The Granite City
Location in the state of Minnesota.
Coordinates: 45°33′14″N 94°10′13″W / 45.55389°N 94.17028°W / 45.55389; -94.17028Coordinates: 45°33′14″N 94°10′13″W / 45.55389°N 94.17028°W / 45.55389; -94.17028
Country United States
State Minnesota
Counties Stearns, Benton, Sherburne
Founded 1856[1]
Government
 • Mayor Dave Kleis
Area[2]
 • City 41.08 sq mi (106.40 km2)
 • Land 40.04 sq mi (103.70 km2)
 • Water 1.04 sq mi (2.69 km2)
Elevation 1,030 ft (314 m)
Population (2010)[3]
 • City 65,842
 • Estimate (2012[4]) 65,986
 • Density 1,644.4/sq mi (634.9/km2)
 • Metro 189,148
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes 56301, 56302, 56303, 56304, 56393, 56397, 56398
Area code(s) 320
FIPS code 27-56896[5]
GNIS feature ID 0650559[6]
Website www.ci.stcloud.mn.us
Red River cart at Saint Cloud, 1887
Downtown Saint Cloud, 2007

Saint Cloud (/ˌsntˈkld/; abbreviated St. Cloud) is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the largest population center in the state's central region; the Mississippi River runs through it. The population was 65,842 at the 2010 census.[7] St. Cloud is the county seat of Stearns County[8] and was named after the city of Saint-Cloud, France (in Île-de-France, near Paris), which was named for the 6th-century French monk Clodoald.

Though mostly in Stearns County, St. Cloud also extends into Benton and Sherburne counties. It is the center of a small metropolitan area, with Waite Park, Sauk Rapids, Sartell, and St. Augusta directly bordering the city, and Foley, Rice, Kimball, Clearwater, Clear Lake, Rockville, St. Joseph, and Cold Spring nearby. With 189,093 residents at the 2010 census, the St. Cloud metropolitan area is the third-largest Minnesota population center, behind Minneapolis–St. Paul and Duluth–Superior, and slightly ahead of Rochester (with 187,612 residents). (The population of Fargo-Moorhead is also larger than St. Cloud's or Rochester's, but most of it is in North Dakota, with only 58,999 residents in Minnesota.)

St. Cloud is 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the "Twin Cities" of Minneapolis–St. Paul along Interstate 94, U.S. Highway 10, and Minnesota State Highway 23. The St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is made up of Stearns and Benton Counties.[9] The city was included in a newly defined Minneapolis–St. Paul–St. Cloud Combined Statistical Area (CSA) in 2000. St. Cloud as a whole has never been part of the 13-county MSA comprising Minneapolis, St. Paul, Bloomington and parts of western Wisconsin,[10] although its Sherburne County portion is considered part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area by Census Bureau definition.[11]

St. Cloud owns and operates a hydroelectric dam on the Mississippi that can produce up to 9 megawatts of electricity.[12][13] The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources designated a 12-mile (19 km) section of the river south of St. Cloud as part of Minnesota's Wild & Scenic Rivers Program in 1976.[14] It has the 30 undeveloped "Beaver Islands", multiple channels and sandbars, and no major rapids, and is popular for day trips by canoe.[15]

Contents

History[edit]

This area was occupied by successive cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years. Europeans encountered the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Winnebago as they started to trade for furs with Native American peoples.

Minnesota was organized as a territory in 1849. The St. Cloud area was opened up to settlers in 1851[16] after treaty negotiations with the Winnebago (Ho-Chunk) tribe in 1851 and 1852. John Wilson, a Maine native with French Huguenot ancestry and an interest in Napoleon, named the settlement St. Cloud after Saint-Cloud, the Paris suburb where Napoleon had his favorite palace.

St. Cloud was a waystation on the Middle and Woods branches of the Red River Trails used by Métis traders between the Canadian border at Pembina, North Dakota and St. Paul. The cart trains often consisted of hundreds of ox carts; the Métis would camp west of the city and cross the Mississippi in St. Cloud or just to the north in Sauk Rapids. They were bringing furs to trade for supplies to take back to their rural settlements.

The City of St. Cloud was incorporated in 1856. It developed from three distinct settlements, known as Upper Town, Middle Town, and Lower Town, that were established by European-American settlers beginning in 1853.[17] The remnants of the deep ravines that separated the three are still visible today. Middle Town was settled primarily by Catholic German immigrants and migrants from eastern states, who were recruited to the region by Father Francis Xavier Pierz, a Catholic priest. He also ministered as a missionary to Native Americans. Lower Town was founded by settlers from the Northern Tier of New England and the mid-Atlantic states, including former residents of upstate New York.

Upper Town, or Arcadia, was plotted by General Sylvanus Lowry, a slaveholder and trader from Kentucky who brought slaves with him, although Minnesota was organized as a free territory.[18] By the time he was elected as St. Cloud's first mayor in 1856, serving one year, Lowry was politically powerful in central Minnesota. Successful as an Indian trader,[18] he controlled considerable land.[19]

Jane Grey Swisshelm, an abolitionist newspaper editor who had migrated from Pittsburgh, repeatedly attacked Lowry in print. At one point he organized a "Committee of Vigilance" that broke into Swisshelm's newspaper office and removed her press, throwing it into the Mississippi River. He started a rival paper, The Union,[19]

Southerners migrated in greater number to St. Cloud after 1857 and the US Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case. It had ruled against slaves being able to file freedom suits, as well as declaring the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, so the territory's prohibition against slavery was unenforceable. Slaves were held, in small number, in several counties around St. Cloud. But nearly all Southerners left the St. Cloud area when the Civil War broke out, taking their slaves with them.[19] Lowry died in the city in 1865.

Beginning in 1864 Stephen Miller served a two-year term as Minnesota governor, the only citizen of St. Cloud ever to hold the office. Miller was a "Pennsylvania German businessman", lawyer, writer, active abolitionist, and personal friend of Alexander Ramsey, the governor. He was on the state's Republican electoral ticket with Abraham Lincoln in 1860.[20]

Although he never attended college, as governor Miller supported higher education, including the state "Normal" schools for teacher training, one of which became St. Cloud State University. In his final legislative address as governor, Miller made a strong argument for a black suffrage amendment to the state constitution, but no bill was developed or passed by the legislature.

Steamboats regularly docked at St. Cloud as part of the fur trade and other commerce, although river levels were not reliable. Granite quarries have operated in the area since the 1880s, giving St. Cloud its nickname, "The Granite City."

In 1917, Samuel Pandolfo started the Pan Motor Company in St. Cloud. Pandolfo claimed that St. Cloud would become the new Detroit for all the Pan-Cars produced. He was later convicted and imprisoned for attempting to defraud investors.[21][22]

Parks[edit]

The city maintains 95 parks, totaling more than 1,400 acres (5.7 km2) and ranging in size from 80 "neighborhood and mini parks" to 243 acres (0.98 km2). The largest developed park, Whitney Memorial Park, is the former location of the city airport. It features numerous softball, baseball, and soccer fields.

Transportation[edit]

St. Cloud is a regional transportation hub within Minnesota. Major roadways including Interstate Highway 94, U.S. Highway 10, and Minnesota State Highways 15 and 23 pass through the city.[23]

Bus service within the city and to neighboring Sartell, Sauk Rapids, and Waite Park is offered through St. Cloud Metro Bus which was recognized in 2007 as the best transit system of its size in North America. An innovative system gives transit buses a slight advantage at stoplights in order to improve efficiency and on-time performance.[24] The Metro Bus Transit Center in the downtown area is also shared with Jefferson Lines, providing national bus service.

Bus service links downtown St. Cloud and St. Cloud State University with the western terminus of the Northstar Commuter Rail line in Big Lake, which in turn links to the Metro Transit bus and light rail system at Target Field Station in downtown Minneapolis.

Several rail lines run through the city, which is a stop on Amtrak's Empire Builder passenger rail line. St. Cloud is also home to St. Cloud Regional Airport, from which daily connecting flights to Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport were made on Delta Connection, operated by Mesaba Airlines, until January 1, 2010, when the service was discontinued. On December 15, 2012, Allegiant Air began nonstop flights between St. Cloud Regional Airport and Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, on McDonnell Douglas MD-80 aircraft.[25]

Major highways[edit]

Education[edit]

The city of St. Cloud is part of the St. Cloud Area School District, which serves St. Cloud, St. Augusta, Clearwater, Waite Park, St. Joseph, and Haven Township. The district has eight elementary schools, a new K-8 school in St. Joseph, and two major public high schools, St. Cloud Technical High School and St. Cloud Apollo High School.[26] St. Cloud also has a major private high school, Cathedral High School. Both public high schools offer a broad selection of Advanced Placement courses, and rank high in the state in number of AP tests taken and of test takers.[27] St. Cloud Tech is the older of the two, opening in 1917, and is just west of downtown on the city's south side. Apollo opened in 1970 and serves the expanding north side of the city. Other high schools and secondary schools that serve the city of St. Cloud include St. Robert Bellarmine's Academy, St. Cloud Christian School, Immaculate Conception Academy, St. John's Preparatory School, and St. Cloud Alternative Learning Center. St. Cloud also has one of the most successful charter schools in the state, STRIDE Academy,[28] which is K-8. The nearby cities of Sauk Rapids and Sartell also have their own school districts and high schools, bringing the number of public high schools in the metropolitan area to four.

Colleges[edit]

The St. Cloud area is home to several higher education facilities, including the second-largest university in the state, St. Cloud State University. As of 2009, 17,686 students attend SCSU, including 1,905 graduate students. Other post-secondary institutions and campuses in St. Cloud proper include St. Cloud Technical and Community College (SCTCC), Rasmussen College, Globe University/Minnesota School of Business, and the College of St. Scholastica. Additionally, the College of St. Benedict (an all-female private Catholic liberal arts college) is located in nearby St. Joseph, while its all-male sibling school, St. John's University, is in nearby Collegeville.

Politics[edit]

The mayor of St. Cloud is Dave Kleis, who won reelection in 2008 after his only opponent, Ryan Fagan, abandoned a write-in campaign after receiving little public support. St. Cloud is in Minnesota's 6th congressional district, represented by Michele Bachmann (R). St. Cloud is partly in Minnesota House of Representatives district 15A, represented by Steve Gottwalt (R), and partly in 15B, represented by King Banaian (R). State Senate District 15 is represented by vice chair of the state capital investment committee John Pederson (R).

In the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama and Joe Biden won 54% of the vote in the city, and John McCain and Sarah Palin 46%.[29]

Past mayors of St. Cloud include Sylvanus B. Lowry (1856), John L. Wilson (1857–58), E. O. Hamlin (1868), J. A. McDonald (1900), J. R. Boyd (1901), J. E. C. Robinson (1902–05 and 1906), J. N. Bensen (1905), David McCarty (1907), Louis Brown (1907), Hugh Evans (1908–09), D. H. Freeman (1910 and 1916–19), P. J. Seberger (1911–12), H. J. Limperich (1919), W. W. Matson (1920–24), J. Arthur Bensen (1924–28), James H. Murphy (1928–32, 1945–48), Phil Collignon (1932–45), Mathew Malisheski (1948–52), Lawrence A. Borgert (1952), George Byers (1953–60), Thomas E. Mealey (1960–64), Ed Henry (1964–71), Al Loehr (1971–80), Sam Huston (1980–89), Chuck Winkelman (1989–97), Larry Meyer (1997–2001), and John Ellenbecker (2001–05).

Geography[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.08 square miles (106.40 km2), of which, 40.04 square miles (103.70 km2) is land and 1.04 square miles (2.69 km2) is water.[2] The city is bisected by the Mississippi River, and part of the Sauk River runs along its northern edge. Just south of downtown, near Technical High School, is the 7-acre, 35-feet-deep Lake George.

Adjacent communities[edit]

Climate[edit]

St. Cloud lies in the warm summer humid continental climate zone (Köppen climate classification Dfb), with hot, humid summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. January is the coldest month, with an average high temperature of 19 °F (−7 °C) and an average low temperature of −1 °F (−18 °C). July is the warmest month, with an average high of 82 °F (28 °C) and an average low of 58 °F (14 °C).

Climate data for St. Cloud, MN (St. Cloud Regional Airport)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 56
(13)
58
(14)
81
(27)
96
(36)
105
(41)
102
(39)
107
(42)
105
(41)
106
(41)
90
(32)
75
(24)
63
(17)
107
(42)
Average high °F (°C) 18.7
(−7.39)
25.7
(−3.5)
37.7
(3.2)
54.9
(12.7)
69.0
(20.6)
77.3
(25.2)
81.7
(27.6)
78.9
(26.1)
69.0
(20.6)
56.3
(13.5)
37.2
(2.9)
23.2
(−4.89)
52.5
(11.4)
Average low °F (°C) −1.2
(−18.44)
6.4
(−14.22)
19.1
(−7.17)
32.2
(0.1)
44.1
(6.7)
52.9
(11.6)
57.9
(14.4)
55.5
(13.1)
45.7
(7.6)
34.3
(1.3)
20.4
(−6.44)
5.5
(−14.72)
31.1
(−0.5)
Record low °F (°C) −43
(−41.7)
−40
(−40)
−32
(−35.6)
−3
(−19.4)
18
(−7.8)
32
(0)
40
(4)
33
(1)
18
(−7.8)
2
(−16.7)
−23
(−30.6)
−41
(−40.6)
−43
(−41.7)
Precipitation inches (mm) 0.76
(19.3)
0.59
(15)
1.50
(38.1)
2.13
(54.1)
2.97
(75.4)
4.51
(114.6)
3.34
(84.8)
3.93
(99.8)
2.93
(74.4)
2.24
(56.9)
1.54
(39.1)
0.69
(17.5)
27.13
(689.1)
Snowfall inches (cm) 10.1
(25.7)
7.2
(18.3)
8.5
(21.6)
2.9
(7.4)
0.2
(0.5)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.6
(1.5)
9.1
(23.1)
8.6
(21.8)
47.2
(119.9)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.8 6.9 8.3 9.4 11.1 11.4 10.6 10.0 9.3 8.5 8.3 7.9 110.5
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 8.5 6.8 5.1 2.4 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.8 5.7 8.3 37.8
Source #1: NOAA (normals, 1971–2000)[30]
Source #2: The Weather Channel (records),[31]

Demographics[edit]

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1870 2,181
1880 2,482 13.8%
1890 7,086 185.5%
1900 8,683 22.5%
1910 10,600 22.1%
1920 15,873 49.7%
1930 21,000 32.3%
1940 24,173 15.1%
1950 28,410 17.5%
1960 32,415 14.1%
1970 39,691 22.4%
1980 42,566 7.2%
1990 48,812 14.7%
2000 59,108 21.1%
2010 65,842 11.4%
Est. 2012 65,986 0.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[32]
2012 Estimate[33]

2010 census[edit]

As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 65,842 people, 25,439 households, and 13,348 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,644.4 inhabitants per square mile (634.9 /km2). There were 27,338 housing units at an average density of 682.8 per square mile (263.6 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.6% White, 7.8% African American, 0.7% Native American, 3.7% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.

There were 25,439 households of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.5% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.95.

The median age in the city was 28.8 years.[34] 18.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 23.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.5% were from 25 to 44; 21.5% were from 45 to 64; and 10.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.

2000 census[edit]

St. Cloud is the principal city of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that covers Sherburne, Benton and Stearns counties and had a combined population of 167,392 at the 2000 census.

In the 2000 census, 27.3% of St. Cloud households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.9% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,346, and the median income for a family was $50,460. Males had a median income of $33,670 versus $23,759 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,769. About 5.0% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Culture[edit]

Sports[edit]

The city is home to

Sites of interest[edit]

The St. Cloud VA Medical Center was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Economy[edit]

Top employers[edit]

According to St. Cloud's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[37] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 CentraCare Health System/St. Cloud Hospital 4,110
2 State of Minnesota 2,036
3 St. Cloud VA Medical Center 1,360
4 Electrolux Home Products 1,259
5 St. Cloud School District 828
6 New Flyer Industries 530
7 Wolters Kluwer Financial Services 525
8 ING Direct 495
9 Bluestem Fulfillment 484
10 City of St. Cloud 438

Media[edit]

The main newspaper is the St. Cloud Times, a Gannett newspaper. The St. Cloud Diocese also publishes the St. Cloud Visitor, which serves the regional Catholic community.

Television station KPXM-TV (channel 41), an "ion" network affiliate, is licensed to the city, though the signal also reaches the Twin Cities region. Low-power stations are: WCMN (channel 13) which is not always on the air, and K19BG (channel 19), a former TBN affiliate. Additional, St. Cloud State University students operate cable-only UTVS (channel 21), which includes local news.

Radio stations include:

AM
FM

Notable people[edit]

Sister cities[edit]

Popular culture[edit]

See also[edit]


References[edit]

  1. ^ Dominik, John J. (1986). That You May Find Healing. St. Cloud, Minn: St. Cloud Hospital. p. 5. 
  2. ^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  3. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-13. 
  4. ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-05-28. 
  5. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  6. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  7. ^ "2012 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 Census. Retrieved 23 April 2011. 
  8. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
  9. ^ "Area Definitions - Metropolitan Statistical Areas". Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development. Retrieved 2009-10-03. 
  10. ^ Metro Council website, Twin Cities Metropolican Area Geographic Definitions, "Definitions Used By The U.S. Census Bureau"
  11. ^ United States Census Bureau 2009 Metropolitan and Micropolitan Area components
  12. ^ City of St. Cloud, Public Utilities, Hydroelectric Services
  13. ^ John Weeks, John Weeks, The Bridges and Structures of the Mississippi River Headwaters, A Detailed Look At The Bridges, Dams And Other Structures On The Mississippi River In The Headwaters Region From Lake Itasca To Minneapolis, November 2007.
  14. ^ "The Wild & Scenic Mississippi River". Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 2009-10-03. 
  15. ^ Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, "Mississippi River", "St. Cloud to Anoka"
  16. ^ Kevin Knight. "Diocese of Saint Cloud". New Advent. Retrieved 5 April 2013. 
  17. ^ "3 Towns Into 1 City, A Narrative Record of Significant Factors in The Story Of St. Cloud Minnesota."
  18. ^ a b "Sylvanus Lowry", Minnesota Legislators Past and Present, accessed 4 Juley 2012
  19. ^ a b c Ambar Espinoza, "St. Cloud professor unearths history of slavery in Minnesota", Minnesota Public Radio, 7 May 2010, accessed 4 July 2012
  20. ^ John J. Dominik Jr., "Three Towns Into One City," St. Cloud, Minnesota: St Cloud Area Bicentennial Commission, 1976, p. 13
  21. ^ "Pan History". St Cloud Antique Auto Club, Inc. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2007-06-20. 
  22. ^ "Automotive History Online, Pan Motor". Automotivehistoryonline.com. Retrieved 2011-11-06. 
  23. ^ "St. Cloud, Minnesota". Google Maps. Retrieved 2007-05-19. 
  24. ^ WCCO News, "System Helps St. Cloud Buses Stay In The Green", July 17, 2009.
  25. ^ "St. Cloud Airport Website". St. Cloud Airport. 
  26. ^ "St. Cloud Area School District 742". Isd742.org. 2011-09-01. Retrieved 2011-11-06. 
  27. ^ "AP Exams by School". Ohe.state.mn.us. Retrieved 2011-11-06. 
  28. ^ "Home". Stride Academy. Retrieved 2011-11-06. 
  29. ^ County of Stearns, Minnesota, election results.
  30. ^ "NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. October 2011. 
  31. ^ "Monthly Averages for St. Cloud, MN". The Weather Channel. 
  32. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved June 15, 2013. 
  33. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". Retrieved June 15, 2013. 
  34. ^ "St Cloud city, Minnesota". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010; 2010 Demographic Profile Data. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 8 December 2012. 
  35. ^ "SCAR Dolls (league-run site)]". 
  36. ^ http://www.stclouddowntown.com/files/374.pdf
  37. ^ City of St. Cloud CAFR
  38. ^ Nicole Muehlhausen, BIO: Tom Petters, KSTP.com, September 24, 2008, Accessed October 8, 2008,
  39. ^ Hughes, Art (December 2, 2009). "UPDATE 2-Tom Petters found guilty of Ponzi scheme fraud". Reuters (Thomson Reuters). Retrieved December 10, 2009. 

External links[edit]