St. Louis tornado history
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The St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area has a history of tornadoes. The third deadliest tornado, and the costliest in United States history, the 1896 St. Louis – East St. Louis tornado, injured one thousand people and caused 255 fatalities in the City of St. Louis and in East St. Louis. The second costliest tornado also occurred in St. Louis in September 1927.[1] More tornado fatalities have occurred in St. Louis than any other city in the United States.[citation needed] Also noteworthy is that destructive tornadoes occurred in winter and autumn, as well as the typical months of spring. Additionally, damaging tornadoes occurred in the morning and late at night, as well as the more common late afternoon to early evening maximum period.
In April 2011, an EF4 tornado on Good Friday caused widespread damage across a 22-mile track in northern St. Louis metropolitan area; including significant damage to Lambert International Airport, causing a complete shutdown for over 24 hours, but no deaths.[2] Prior to that event, a F4 tornado also struck the northern metro, and killed three in January 1967.[3] Another F4 tornado struck the Granite City and Edwardsville, Illinois area in April 1981.[4]
Contents |
[edit] City of St. Louis tornadoes
| Date | Location | Rating | Casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 8, 1871 | St. Louis - East St. Louis - St. Clair County, Illinois | F3 | 9 fatalities, 60 injuries | See: 1871 St. Louis tornado |
| March 29, 1872 | 7th Street | F1 | 1 possible fatality, 8 injuries | |
| January 12, 1890 | St. Louis - Madison County, Illinois | F2 | 4 fatalities, 15 injuries | |
| May 27, 1896 | St. Louis - East St. Louis - St. Clair County | F4 | 255 fatalities, 1000 injuries | Costliest and third deadliest tornado in U.S. history (see: St. Louis-East St. Louis tornado) [6] |
| August 19, 1904 | St. Louis - Madison County | F2 | 3 fatalities, 10 injuries | |
| September 29, 1927 | Webster Groves - St. Louis | F4 | 79 fatalities, 550 injuries | 2nd costliest and at least 25th deadliest tornado in U.S. history |
| September 16, 1958 | St. Louis | F1 | 0 | |
| February 10, 1959 | Ellisville - St. Louis - Madison County | F4 | 21 fatalities, 345 injuries | Very similar path to 1871, 1896, 1927 tornadoes; 68th deadliest in U.S. history |
| May 1, 1983 | St. Louis - Madison County | F2 | 3 injuries | |
| March 31, 2007 | St. Louis | EF0 | 5 injuries | Late-March 2007 tornado outbreak [7] |
| December 31, 2010 | St. Louis | EF1 | 0 | 2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak [8] |
| April 22, 2011 | Riverview, St. Louis | EF4 | 0 fatalities, some injuries | 2011 St. Louis tornado [2] |
[edit] St. Louis Metropolitan Area tornadoes
These tables describe the tornado history for the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. In Missouri, this includes the counties of St. Louis, St. Charles, Franklin, and Jefferson. In Illinois, this includes the counties of Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe.
Data for the independent city of St. Louis is not part of these tables unless part of the path of the tornado is in the city.
Contributors of these tables should also consider including the Missouri Counties of Warren and Lincoln adjust for urban sprawl according to the 2010 Census data.[citation needed]
For geographic inclusion, the Illinois Counties of Calhoun, Greene, Macoupin, and Jersey may also be considered.
[edit] 1870–1950
| Date | Location | Counties | Rating | Casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 13, 1870 | St. Clair | ||||
| March 8, 1871 | St. Clair | ||||
| June 30, 1877 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 18, 1878 | St. Louis | ||||
| January 12, 1890 | St. Louis | ||||
| March 27, 1890 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 27, 1896 | St. Louis | St. Louis City, St. Clair | |||
| May 27, 1896 | St. Clair, Clinton | ||||
| May 14, 1909 | St. Louis | ||||
| September 29, 1927 | St. Louis | ||||
| September 1, 1931 | St. Louis | ||||
| March 15, 1938 | St. Clair | ||||
| March 15, 1938 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 24, 1952 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 21, 1949 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 21, 1949 | St. Louis |
[edit] 1950s
| Date | Location | Counties | Rating | Casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 3, 1950 | St. Louis | ||||
| March 25, 1954 | St. Louis | ||||
| October 6, 1955 | St. Clair | ||||
| October 6, 1955 | St. Clair | ||||
| February 24, 1956 | St. Louis, St. Clair | ||||
| February 24, 1956 | St. Clair | ||||
| September 15, 1956 | St. Clair | ||||
| August 30, 1956 | St. Louis | ||||
| April 25, 1957 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 9, 1957 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 21, 1957 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 22, 1957 | St. Louis | ||||
| April 5, 1958 | St. Clair | ||||
| April 23, 1958 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 3, 1958 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 3, 1958 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 31, 1958 | St. Clair | ||||
| June 1, 1958 | St. Clair | ||||
| February 10, 1959 | St. Louis | ||||
| February 10, 1959 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 10, 1959 | St. Clair |
[edit] 1960–1980
| Date | Location | Counties | Rating | Casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 29, 1960 | St. Clair | ||||
| September 24, 1961 | St. Clair | ||||
| January 24, 1967 | St. Louis | F4 | 3 deaths, 216 injured | Fourth worst tornado in history to hit the St. Louis Metropolitan Area, last F4 tornado to affect St. Louis County or City until April 22, 2011.[3] | |
| August 3, 1967 | St. Clair | ||||
| October 24, 1967 | St. Louis | ||||
| April 3, 1968 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 15, 1968 | St. Clair | ||||
| August 15, 1968 | St. Louis | ||||
| June 1, 1970 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 7, 1973 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 26, 1973 | St. Louis | ||||
| June 4, 1973 | St. Clair | ||||
| July 23, 1973 | St. Louis | 38 fatalities, 6 injuries | During storm an Ozark Airlines Fairchild Hiller FH-227B crashed into the University of Missouri-St. Louis campus just east of the Mark Twain complex while attempting to land at Lambert International Airport. 37 passengers and one crew member were killed although four passengers and two crew members including the captain survived.[10] | ||
| March 7, 1975 | St. Louis | ||||
| March 20, 1976 | St. Clair | ||||
| February 23, 1977 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 12, 1978 | St. Louis |
[edit] 1980–2000
| Date | Location | Counties | Rating | Casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 7, 1980 | St. Louis | ||||
| May 1, 1983 | St. Clair | ||||
| April 3, 1984 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 25, 1984 | St. Clair | ||||
| November 15, 1988 | St. Clair | ||||
| November 15. 1988 | St. Clair | ||||
| November 26, 1990 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 10, 1991 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 11, 1991 | St. Clair | ||||
| July 4, 1992 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 9, 1995 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 18, 1995 | St. Clair | ||||
| May 18, 1995 | St. Clair | ||||
| April 19, 1996 | St. Clair | ||||
| June 10, 1996 | St. Louis | ||||
| April 13, 1998 | St. Louis | ||||
| April 15, 1998 | St. Clair | ||||
| April 15, 1998 | St. Clair |
[edit] 2000—
| Date | Location | Counties | Rating | Casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 24, 2000 | St. Clair | ||||
| April 10, 2001 | St. Louis | Most costly hailstorm in U.S. History. 4 inch dia. hail in Florissant.[11] | |||
| April 27, 2002 | St. Clair | ||||
| June 10, 2003 | St. Clair | ||||
| June 10, 2003 | St. Clair | ||||
| June 10, 2003 | St. Clair | ||||
| June 10, 2003 | St. Clair | ||||
| November 27, 2005 | Webster Groves, Maplewood | St. Louis | F0 | 0 | Late-November 2005 Tornado Outbreak[12] |
| January 2, 2006 | Creve Coeur | St. Louis | F1 | 0 | |
| March 11, 2006 | Festus, Missouri | Jefferson | F3 | 0 | Part of a three day tornado outbreak across Missouri[13] |
| April 2, 2006 | Fairview Heights, O'Fallon, Illinois | St. Clair | EF2 | 1 | [14] |
| July 23, 2006 | Troy, Illinois | Madison | F1 | 0 | Part of the July 2006 derechoes event[15] |
| June 8, 2009 | St. Clair | EF2 | [16] | ||
| December 31, 2010 | Byrnes Mill | Jefferson | |||
| December 31, 2010 | Fenton | St. Louis | |||
| December 31, 2010 | Ballwin | St. Louis | |||
| December 31, 2010 | Sunset Hills, Missouri | St. Louis | 2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak | ||
| February 27, 2011 | Troy, Illinois | Madison | EF1 | 0 | |
| April 22, 2011 | Foristell, New Melle, Maryland Heights, Bridgeton, St. Ann, Edmundson, Kinloch, Berkeley, Ferguson, Dellwood, Bellefontaine Neighbors, Moline Acres, Riverview, St. Louis, Pontoon Beach, Granite City | St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Louis City, St. Clair, Madison | EF4 | 0 | Main article: 2011 St. Louis tornado. Significant damage in North St. Louis County in Maryland Heights, St. Ann, Bridgeton, Berkeley, and Ferguson. Lambert International Airport (EF3) closed due to widespread damage, windows blown out, and the destruction of Concourse C.[2] |
[edit] See also
- List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- Tri-State Hailstorm of April 2001 (NWS summary)
- July 2006 derechoes (NWS summary)
[edit] References
- ^ Brooks, Harold E.; Charles A. Doswell III (February 2001). "Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890–1999". Weather and Forecasting (American Meteorological Society) 16 (1): 168–176. Bibcode 2001WtFor..16..168B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0168:NDFMTI>2.0.CO;2. http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175%2F1520-0434(2001)016%3C0168%3ANDFMTI%3E2.0.CO%3B2.
- ^ a b c April 22 Tornadic Supercell Greater St. Louis Metropolitan Area, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri. April 23, 2011.
- ^ a b F4 St. Louis County Tornado, 24 January 1967, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri
- ^ Violent (F4-F5) Tornadoes in the NWS St. Louis County Warning Area
- ^ NWS list of tornadoes in City of St. Louis
- ^ May 1896 St. Louis Tornado
- ^ Bow Echo Event over the city of St. Louis, Missouri March 31st, 2007
- ^ New Years Eve Tornado Outbreak December 31 2010, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
- ^ St. Louis Area Tornado Climatology
- ^ Accident Details, 1973 Ozark Airlines, planecrashinfo.com. retrieved February 9, 2007.
- ^ The April 10, 2001 Historic Hailstorm and Supercell, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
- ^ November 27, 2005 Severe Weather Event Downburst Winds and an Isolated Tornado in Maplewood, Missouri, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
- ^ 11 March 2006 - Tornado Outbreak, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri
- ^ 2 April 2006 - Severe Thunderstorm Outbreak, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri
- ^ Largest Power Outage in the History of St. Louis, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
- ^ June 8, 2009 EF2 Tornado St. Clair County, Illinois, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991, A Chronology and Analysis of Events. The Tornado Project of Environmental Films: St. Johnsbury, Vermont. ISBN 1-879362-03-1
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001). The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, Oklahoma. ISBN 0-8061-3258-2
[edit] External links
- National Weather Service St. Louis Tornado Climatology
- St. Louis tornado Photographs from the Western Historical Manuscript Collection at the University of Missouri–St. Louis
- Browning, Wes (2011). "Tornadoes in the St. Louis Area...A Historical Perspective". Gateway Observer (St. Louis, MO: National Weather Service) 2 (2): 5–7. http://www.crh.noaa.gov/images/lsx/coop_newsletter/Winter2011_2012.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
| 10 deadliest American tornadoes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name (location) | Date | Deaths | |
| 1 | "Tri-State" (Missouri, Illinois and Indiana) | March 18, 1925 | 695 | |
| 2 | Natchez, Mississippi | May 7, 1840 | 317 | |
| 3 | St. Louis, Missouri and East St. Louis, Illinois | May 27, 1896 | 255 | |
| 4 | Tupelo, Mississippi | April 5, 1936 | 216 | |
| 5 | Gainesville, Georgia | April 5, 1936 | 203 | |
| 6 | Woodward, Oklahoma | April 9, 1947 | 181 | |
| 7 | Joplin, Missouri | May 22, 2011 | 161 | |
| 8 | Amite, Louisiana and Purvis, Mississippi | April 24, 1908 | 143 | |
| 9 | New Richmond, Wisconsin | June 12, 1899 | 117 | |
| 10 | Flint, Michigan |
June 8, 1953 |
116 | |
|
Source: Storm Prediction Center |
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