Staraya Russa
| Staraya Russa (English) Старая Русса (Russian) |
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|---|---|
| - Town[1] - | |
 The Transfiguration Monastery |
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.svg) Location of Novgorod Oblast in Russia |
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 Staraya Russa
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| Coordinates: 57°59′N 31°21′E / 57.983°N 31.35°ECoordinates: 57°59′N 31°21′E / 57.983°N 31.35°E | |
| Administrative status (as of May 2010) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Novgorod Oblast[2] |
| Administratively subordinated to | Town of oblast significance of Staraya Russa[2] |
| Administrative center of | Town of oblast significance of Staraya Russa, Starorussky District[1] |
| Municipal status (as of July 2011) | |
| Municipal district | Starorussky Municipal District[3] |
| Urban settlement | Urban Settlement of Staraya Russa[3] |
| Administrative center of | Urban Settlement of Staraya Russa,[3] Starorussky Municipal District[3] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 18.54 km2 (7.16 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
31,809 inhabitants[4] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 35,511 inhabitants[5] |
| Density | 1,716 /km2 (4,440 /sq mi)[6] |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00)[7] |
| First mention | 1167[8] |
| Postal code(s) | 1752XX[9] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 81652[10] |
| Official website | |
| Staraya Russa on WikiCommons | |
Staraya Russa (Russian: Старая Русса, tr. ˈstarəjə ˈrusə) is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Polist River, 99 kilometers (62 mi) south of Veliky Novgorod. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance (one of the three in Novgorod Oblast). It also serves as the administrative center of Starorussky District, by which it is completely surrounded but is not administratively a part of. Municipally, it is incorporated as Urban Settlement of Staraya Russa of Starorussky Municipal District.[3] Population: 31,809 (2010 Census preliminary results);[4] 35,511 (2002 Census);[5] 41,538 (1989 Census).[11]
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[edit] History
Thought to have originated in the mid-10th century, Staraya Russa was first mentioned in chronicles for the year 1076 as one of three main towns of the Novgorod Republic, alongside Pskov and Ladoga. Its name is derived from the Rus, a people of Finno-Ugric and Varangian composition who settled in the vicinity to control trade routes leading from Novgorod to Polotsk and Kiev. After Pskov became independent, Russa became the second most important town and trade center of the Novgorod republic after Novgorod itself.[citation needed] By the end of the 15th century it contained about 1,000 homesteads. Brine springs made the saltworks the principal business activity in the town, which was the biggest centre of salt industry in the Novgorod region.[12]
The wooden fortifications of Russa burned to ashes in 1190 and 1194 and were replaced by the stone fortress after the last fire. In 1478, it was incorporated into Muscovy together with Novgorod. The word Staraya (Old) was prefixed to the name in the 15th century, to distinguish it from newer settlements called Russa.
When Ivan the Terrible ascended the throne in 1533, Staraya Russa was a populous city. During the Time of Troubles it was held by Polish brigands and heavily depopulated. Only 38 people lived there in 1613.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Staraya Russa was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. In 1776, Staraya Russa became the administrative center of Starorussky Uyezd of Novgorod Viceroyalty. In 1796, the viceroyalty was transformed into Novgorod Governorate. In the 1820s, in Staraya Russa and around, military settlements were organized, in accordance with the project designed by Aleksey Arakcheyev, an influential statesman. It was inconvenient to have both civial and military administration in Staraya Russa, and therefore the uezd was abolished in 1824. The town of Staraya Russa and some adjacent territories were directly subordinated to the Defense Ministry. The military settlements were proven inefficient, in particular, in 1831, the area participated in the Cholera Riots. They were abolished in 1856. In 1857, Starorussky Uyezd was re-established.[13]
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and Starorussky District was established, with the center in Staraya Russa. Novgorod Governorate was abolished as well, and the district belonged to Novgorod Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. In 1939, Staraya Russa was made a town of oblast significance and thus it ceased to be a part of the district. The city was occupied by the Germans between August 9, 1941 and February 18, 1944. Totally destroyed during the war, it was later restored. On July 5, 1944, Staraya Russa was transferred to newly established Novgorod Oblast and remained there ever since.[14]
The town was fictionalized as Skotoprigonievsk in Dostoyevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov (1879–80). The Soviet authority in Staraya Russa was established on November 5(18), 1917.
[edit] Economy
[edit] Industry
The biggest enterprise in Staraya Russa is the aircraft repair works. The mechanical engineering plant went bankrupt in 2011 and no longer exists.[15]
[edit] Transport
A railway which connects Bologoye and Pskov passes through Staraya Russa.
Staraya Russa is connected by roads with Novgorod, Demyansk, and Bezhanitsy via Kholm. There are also local roads.
There is a wharf on the Polist River in the Lake Ilmen basin. The town is served by the Staraya Russa Airport.
[edit] Attractions
Staraya Russa is a balneologic resort, celebrated for its mineral springs used for baths, drinking, and inhalations; medicinal silt mud of Lake Verkhneye and Lake Sredneye and mud from artificial reservoirs. A summer residence of the Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoyevsky, who wrote his novels The Brothers Karamazov and The Possessed there, is open to visitors as a museum.
Monuments include the Transfiguration Monastery, which includes a cathedral built in 70 days in 1198 and partly rebuilt in the 15th century, and several 17th-century buildings and churches. The principal city cathedral (1678) is dedicated to the Resurrection of Christ. Other notable churches are consecrated to St. George (1410) (the Dostoyevsky family stayed in the house of the priest of this church[16]), Mina the Martyr (14th century), and the Holy Trinity (1676).
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 49 408 000», в ред. изменения №179/2011 от 1 февраля 2012 г. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 49 408 000, as amended by the Amendment #179/2011 of February 1, 2012. ).
- ^ a b Law #559-OZ
- ^ a b c d e Law #369-OZ
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 440. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ "List of postal codes" (in Russian). Russian Post. http://info.russianpost.ru/database/ops.html. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ^ "Телефонный код Старой Русси, код города Старая Русса, как звонить в Старую Руссу, как позвонить из Старой Русси, код телефона Старая Русса, код 81652, автомобильный код города Старой Русси" (in Russian). kodcity.ru. 2012 [last update]. http://kodcity.ru/index.php?nn=536. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Bernadsky, Viktor Nikolayevich (1961). Новгород и новгородская земля в XV веке (Novgorod and the Novgorod Land in XV century). Leningrad (Saint Petersburg): published by the USSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 134–144.
- ^ Снытко, О.В.; et al (2009). С.Д. Трифонов, Т.Б. Чуйкова, Л.В. Федина, А.Э. Дубоносова. ed (in Russian). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник. Saint Petersburg. p. 26. http://novarchiv.org/images/novarchiv/nsa/adm_delenie_novg_obl.pdf. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- ^ Снытко, О.В.; et al (2009). С.Д. Трифонов, Т.Б. Чуйкова, Л.В. Федина, А.Э. Дубоносова. ed (in Russian). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник. Saint Petersburg. p. 135. http://novarchiv.org/images/novarchiv/nsa/adm_delenie_novg_obl.pdf. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
- ^ "Итоги социально-экономического развития Старорусского муниципального района за 2011 год" (in Russian). admrussa.ru. Администрация Старорусского муниципального района. 2012 [last update]. http://www.admrussa.ru/ekonomika/itogi_sotsialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
- ^ "Дом-музей Ф.М.Достоевского в Старой Руссе" (in Russian). Литературно-мемориальный музей Ф.М.Достоевского. http://www.md.spb.ru/dostoevsky/other_museums/staraja_russa/?more. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
[edit] Sources
- Новгородская областная Дума. Областной Закон №559-ОЗ от 11 ноября 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области», в ред. Областного Закона №944-ОЗ от 24 марта 2011 г «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2006 г. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №75, 23 ноября 2005 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma. Oblast Law #559-OZ of November 11, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #944-OZ of March 24, 2011 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2006.).
- Администрация Новгородской области. Постановление №121 от 8 апреля 2008 г. «Об реестре административно-территориального устройства области», в ред. Постановления №597 от 2 ноября 2011 г «О внесении изменения в реестр административно-территориального устройства области». Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №49-50, 16 апреля 2008 г. (Administration of Novgorod Oblast. Resolution #121 of April 8, 2008 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #597 of November 2, 2011 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast. ).
[edit] External links
- Staraya Russa travel guide from Wikitravel
- General description and sights (Russian)
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