Station (Australian agriculture)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Station is the term for a large Australian landholding used for livestock production. It corresponds to the North American term 'ranch' or South American Estancia. The owner of a station is called a grazier (which corresponds to the North American term 'rancher').
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[edit] Terminology
Originally 'station' referred to the owner's house and the outbuildings of a pastoral property, but it now generally refers to the whole holding.[1] Stations in Australia are, in most cases, on pastoral lease, and are known colloquially as 'sheep stations' or 'cattle stations' as most are stock specific, dependent upon the country and rainfall.
[edit] Sizes
Sheep and cattle stations can be thousands of square kilometres in area, with the nearest neighbour being hundreds of kilometres away. Anna Creek station in South Australia, Australia is the world's largest working cattle station.[2] It is roughly 24,000 square kilometres (5,900,000 acres) which is 8,000 km2 larger than Alexandria Station a cattle station spanning more than 1.8 million hectares in the Northern Territory, Australia and four times the size of America's biggest ranch, which is only 6,000 km2.[3][4]
[edit] Facilities
Because of the extended distances, there is a School of the Air so that children can attend classes from their homes, originally using pedal powered radios to communicate with the teachers. The larger stations have their own school and teacher to educate the children on the station until at least they commence high school. Large isolated stations have their own stores to supply workers with their needs.
Medical assistance is given by the Royal Flying Doctor Service, where medical staff such as doctors and nurses can treat patients at their homes, or airlift emergency and seriously ill patients to hospitals at the nearest towns.
[edit] Personnel
Aborigines have played a big part in the northern cattle industry where they were competent stockmen on the cattle stations. Nowadays staff on these stations may work in the homestead and in stock camps, including jackaroos, jillaroos, stockmen (ringers), boremen, managers, mechanics, machinery operators (including grader drivers), station and camp cooks, teachers, overseers and bookkeepers. Veterinary surgeons also fly to some of the more distant cattle and sheep stations.
It is also interesting to note that some large stations are actually comparable in size to an American state, however may only have a workforce of 100 people.[citation needed] They are in some remote areas that are not easy to access, too, limiting their population greatly.
[edit] Popular culture
The long running television drama, McLeod's Daughters is set on an Australian cattle station.
[edit] See also
- Sheep station
- Station (New Zealand agriculture)
- List of pastoral leases in Western Australia
- Stockman
- Jackeroo and Jilleroo
[edit] References
- ^ "Chisholm, Alec H.". The Australian Encyclopaedia. 8. Sydney: Halstead Press. 1963. pp. 275.
- ^ Mercer, Phil (2008-06-09). "Cattle farms lure Australian women". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7443625.stm. Retrieved on 2008-06-09.
- ^ Crozier, Randall (14/07/2005). "Big, big Anna Creek Station". SA Country Hour Summary (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). http://www.abc.net.au/rural/sa/stories/s1414362.htm. Retrieved on 2008-11-17.
- ^ "Anna Creek Station". Wrightsair. http://www.wrightsair.com.au/anna.htm. Retrieved on 2008-02-08.
- Hanks, Patrick; Urdang, Lawrence (Editorial Director) (1984) [1979]. Collins Dictionary of the English Language. G. a. Wilkes (Aust. cnsltnt) (2nd ed. ed.). Wm. Collins. ISBN 0 00 433175-5. "An extensive coverage of contemporary international and Australian English"
