Stereotypes of white people

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Stereotypes of white people are essentialist oversimplifications[1] about the character and behaviour of white people.

Contents

[edit] United States

[edit] Stereotypes of White people in the USA

[edit] Positive stereotypes

Though most ethnic stereotypes are negative, different ethnic groups also hold some positive stereotypes of white people.[2][3] A 1972 study found that, in general, white people were stereotyped with positive traits and minority groups with negative traits.[4] In a 1983 U.S. study on the associative strength between two words, and regardless of prejudice score, subjects responded reliably faster when positive attributes (e.g., 'smart') were paired with white people than when they were paired with black people.[5] Positively, white people are stereotyped as intelligent, socially diverse, and generally non-dangerous and unlikely to commit crime. However, they are sometimes considered racist, prejudiced, or biased and scared or uneasy around minorities.[6] Asian-Americans tended to hold more positive stereotypes of White people than other ethnic groups, finding praise in similar traits that the two groups share such as low rates of crime and high aspirations for higher education, career, and cohesive family life.

[edit] Social stereotypes

In the United States, white people make up the majority of the nation's politicians, military leaders and corporate executives,[7][8][9] while most minority groups have a smaller presence, and are less well-off. Other stereotypes of white people include the idea that they are all "extremely self-involved, uneducated about people other than themselves, and are unable to understand the complicated ways in which people who are not white survive."[10]

[edit] Influence on black people

Literature in the field of clinical psychology has said that this type of Eurocentric favoritism is indicative of the "pre-encounter" phase in the development of black identity.[11] Some studies indicate that black people have been unduly influenced by stereotypes of white people.[12]

[edit] Negative portrayals of other white people

As the social definition of "white people" has changed over the years, studies have shown that different racial, ethnic and nationalities have different stereotypes of white people.[13][14] Ethnic groups such as the English, Irish, and Italians have been portrayed in popular media and culture in a negative fashion.[15] White Hispanic and Latino Americans are often overlooked in the U.S. mass media and in general American social perceptions, where being "Hispanic or Latino" is often incorrectly given a racial value, usually mixed-race, such as Mestizo,[16][17][18] while, in turn, are overrepresented and admired in the U.S. Hispanic mass media and social perceptions.[19][20][21][22][23] [24] [25]

[edit] Intra-white stereotypes

The dumb blonde is a popular-culture derogatory stereotype applied to blonde-haired women.[26] The archetypical "dumb blonde," while viewed as attractive and popular, has been portrayed as very promiscuous, as well as lacking in both common street-sense and academic intelligence, often to a comedic level. The dumb blonde stereotype is used in 'blonde jokes.'

[edit] South Africa

In contemporary South Africa, conservative Afrikaners have been portrayed by media as backward, overweight and bombastic.[27]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ OED, Second Edition revised, 2005
  2. ^ Ponterotto, J.G. (1995) Handbook of Multicultural Counseling. Sage Publications, 1995. p 99.
  3. ^ Jarvis, M. and Russell, J. (2002) Key Ideas in Psychology. Nelson Thornes. p 131.
  4. ^ Minako Kurokawa Maykovich, "Reciprocity in Racial Stereotypes: White, Black, and Yellow," The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 77, No. 5 (Mar., 1972), pp. 876-897
  5. ^ "Racial Stereotypes: Associations and Ascriptions of Positive and Negative Characteristics", Samuel L. Gaertner, John P. McLaughlin. Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Mar., 1983), pp. 23-30
  6. ^ "Race and Religion's Role in Stereotypes and Perceived Social Standings". http://clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscripts/291.php. Retrieved 2009-11-30. 
  7. ^ "Mother Jones, the Changing Power Elite, 1998". http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/1998/03/zweigenhaft.html. Retrieved 2007-01-20. 
  8. ^ "US Census Bureau, Household income distribution, 2005". http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/hhinc/new06_000.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-20. 
  9. ^ "US Census Bureau, Personal Income for Asian American males". http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_152.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-20. 
  10. ^ Diamond, E. (1996) Performance and Cultural Politics. Routledge. p. 279.
  11. ^ Patel, N. (2000) Clinical Psychology, 'Race' and Culture: A Training Manual. Blackwell Publishing, 2000. p 47.
  12. ^ Muran, J.C. (2007) Dialogues on Difference: Studies of Diversity in the Therapeutic Relationship. American Psychological Association. p. 137.
  13. ^ Fernandez, R. America Beyond Black and White: How Immigrants and Fusions are Helping Us Overcome the Racial Divide. University of Michigan Press. p. 174.
  14. ^ Han, A. and Hsu, J.Y. (2004) Asian American X: An Intersection of 21st Century Asian American Voices. University of Michigan Press. p. 208.
  15. ^ Leo W. Jeffres, K. Kyoon Hur (1979) "White Ethnics and their Media Images", Journal of Communication 29 (1), 116–122.
  16. ^ Richard Rodriguez. "A CULTURAL IDENTITY". http://www.pbs.org/newshour/essays/june97/rodriguez_6-18.html. 
  17. ^ "Separated by a common language: The case of the white Hispanic". http://www.rawstory.com/exclusives/tryferis/hispanic.htm. 
  18. ^ Hispanics:A Culture, Not a Race
  19. ^ Y Tu Black Mama Tambien
  20. ^ The Blond, Blue-Eyed Face of Spanish TV
  21. ^ Blonde, Blue-Eyed Euro-Cute Latinos on Spanish TV
  22. ^ What are Telenovelas? – Hispanic Culture
  23. ^ Racial Bias Charged On Spanish-Language TV
  24. ^ Black Electorate
  25. ^ Skin tone consciousness in Asian and Latin American populations
  26. ^ Regenberg, Nina (2007), "Are Blonds Really Dumb?", in mind (magazine) (3), http://www.in-mind.org/issue-3/are-blonds-really-dumb.html 
  27. ^ Fourie, P.J. (2004) Media Studies: Institutions, Theories and Issues. Juta and Company Limited. p. 478.
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