strace
| Original author(s) | Paul Kranenburg |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Dmitry Levin |
| Stable release | 4.6 / March 15, 2011 |
| Written in | C |
| Operating system | Linux, FreeBSD |
| Type | Debugging |
| License | BSD |
| Website | http://sourceforge.net/projects/strace/ |
strace is a debugging utility for Linux and some other Unix-like systems to monitor the system calls used by a program and all the signals it receives, similar to "truss" utility in other Unix systems. This is made possible by a kernel feature known as ptrace.
A similar utility is provided by Cygwin.
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[edit] Usage
The most common usage is to start a program using strace, which prints a list of system calls made by the program. This is useful if the program continually crashes, or does not behave as expected; for example using strace may reveal that the program is attempting to access a file which does not exist or cannot be read.
An alternative application is to use the -p flag to attach to a running process. This is useful if a process has stopped responding, and might reveal, for example, that the process is blocking whilst attempting to make a network connection.
As strace only details system calls it cannot be used to detect as many problems as a code debugger such as GNU Debugger (gdb). It is, however, easier to use than a code debugger, and is an extremely useful tool for system administrators.
[edit] Example strace output
The following is an example of typical output of the strace command :
open(".", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
fcntl64(3, F_GETFD) = 0x1 (flags FD_CLOEXEC)
getdents64(3, /* 18 entries */, 4096) = 496
getdents64(3, /* 0 entries */, 4096) = 0
close(3) = 0
fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFIFO|0600, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7f2c000
write(1, "autofs\nbackups\ncache\nflexlm\ngames"..., 86autofsA
The above fragment is only a small part of the output of strace when run on the 'ls' command. It shows that the current working directory is opened, inspected and its contents retrieved. The resulting list of file names is written to standard output.
[edit] Other Tools
There are other similar, and sometimes more powerful, instrumentation tools on other platforms.
- Linux has ltrace, which can trace library and system calls
- Linux distributions after 2006 have SystemTap
- Linux also has trace-cmd and KernelShark, which are built on top of ftrace
- Solaris has Truss and DTrace
- AIX provides Truss command
- HP-ux offers the Tusc command
- FreeBSD provides the Truss command, ktrace and DTrace
- NetBSD provides ktrace and DTrace
- OpenBSD uses ktrace and kdump
- Mac OS X provides ktrace (10.4 and earlier) and DTrace (from Solaris) in 10.5 and later. [1]
- MS Windows has a similar tool called StraceNT created by Pankaj Garg. [2]
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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