Google Street View

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Google Maps & Google Earth Street View
Deansgate St John St.png
A road junction in Manchester, England, showing 9 angles.
Initial release May 25, 2007; 4 years ago (2007-05-25)
Stable release Release 49 (see list) / February 22, 2012; 1 day ago (2012-02-22)
More Locations Added:
Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan[1]
Poland: Piotrkowska Street, Łódź [2]
HD Update: Some places in New Zealand and United States
Available in English, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Chinese, Czech, Romanian (beta)
Website Google Street View

Google Street View is a technology featured in Google Maps and Google Earth that provides panoramic views from various positions along many streets in the world. It was launched on May 25, 2007, originally only in several cities in the United States, and has since gradually expanded to include more cities and rural areas worldwide.

Where available, Street View images appear after zooming in beyond the highest zooming level in maps and satellite images, and also by dragging a "pegman" icon onto a location on a map. When dragging the pegman icon, blue lines on the map showing Street View imagery will appear. Using the keyboard or mouse, the horizontal and vertical viewing direction and zoom level can be selected. A solid or broken line in the photo shows the approximate path followed by the camera car, and arrows link to the next photo in each direction. At junctions and crossings of camera car routes, more arrows are shown. By using Google Maps, users can turn on steroscopic 3D mode by right-clicking in Street View to get an anaglyph version of any Street View images. However, this mode requires users to wear red cyan glasses to see the 3D effects.[3]

On November 21, 2008, Street View was added to the Maps application installed on the Apple iPhone. On December 10, 2008, Street View was added to the Maps application for S60 3rd Edition. Street View has now also been added to the BlackBerry and Windows Mobile versions of Google Maps. All versions of Google Maps for the Android operating system feature Street View, and the digital compass can be used to look around the locations.

Google Street View displays panoramas of stitched images taken from a fleet of specially adapted cars. Areas not accessible by car, like pedestrian areas, narrow streets, alleys and ski resorts, are sometimes covered by Google Trikes (tricycles) or snowmobiles.[4][5] On each of these vehicles there are nine directional cameras for 360° views at a height of about 8.2 feet, or 2.5 meters, GPS units for positioning and three laser range scanners from Sick AG for the measuring of up to 50 meters 180° in the front of the vehicle.[6] These are apparently used for recording a rough 3D model of the surroundings, enabling the faux-3D transitions between distinct panoramas where the environment images are momentarily mapped onto this 3D model while being crossfaded to create a somewhat impressive (if inaccurate) animated perspective change in three dimensions as the user travels from one panorama to another. There are also 3G/GSM/Wi-Fi antennas for scanning 3G/GSM and Wi-Fi hotspots.[7] As of late, "high quality" images have been based on open source hardware cameras from Elphel.[8]

Contents

[edit] Development

Google Street View was first introduced in the United States on May 25, 2007, and, until November 26, 2008, featured camera icon markers, each representing at least one major city or area (such as a park), and usually the other nearby cities, towns, suburbs, and parks. Many areas that had coverage were not represented by icons.

  • On May 12, 2008, Google announced that it was testing face-blurring technology on its photos of the busy streets of Manhattan.[9] The technology uses a computer algorithm to search Google's image database for faces and blurs them, according to John Hanke, director of Google Earth and Google Maps.[10]
  • On April 16, 2008, Street View was fully integrated into Google Earth 4.3.
  • On July 2, 2008, Google Street View was introduced in France and Italy, providing the first service outside the United States and the debut of Google's new 4th Generation Cameras. On this day, 19 camera icons were added, mostly showing small towns and areas along the Tour de France route and part of north western Italy
  • On August 4, 2008, 28 icons of major metropolitan areas of both Australia and Japan were added to Google Street View. Included in the update were approximately 40 new U.S. hub cities.
  • On December 1, 2008, New Zealand was added to Google Street View. Faces were blurred upon recommendation by the New Zealand Privacy Commission, but vehicle registration plates were not obscured.
  • Two other features included in the June 10, 2008, update were an effective mask of the "Google Car" and the application of face-blurring technology on all photos, which effectively lowered the resolution across all photos, even the formerly impressive high resolution images of San Francisco. Also, many nearby metro areas were included, but they did not receive their own camera icons. Google initially used images from spherical video company Immersive Media as well as their own vehicles. Since December 2007, Google has used imagery that belongs exclusively to Google.
  • On November 26, 2008, the Street View button and all the camera icons were deleted. Instead of clicking the "Street View" button, this is now accessed using the "pegman" button in the left hand corner. When the "pegman" icon is dragged over the map blue polylines appear where Street View is available and a small window will show the current Street View. If this is dropped on the map the Street View opens and takes over the whole map window.
  • On April 9, 2009, Street View became available with a full-screen option.
  • On June 5, 2009, Smart Navigation was introduced which allows users to navigate around the panoramas by double-clicking with their cursor on any place or object they want to see.[11]
  • In mid-June 2010, Google added blue dots to its maps that display user-submitted images in all locations around the world, including land areas where Street View is not available and bodies of water. These images can be pulled up on the screen in the same manner as a Street View image with the pegman by dragging it onto the blue dot.
  • On January 14, 2012, users of versions lower than Google Earth 6.0 are blocked from seeing Street View content. This is done to promote version 6. [12]

[edit] Timeline

[edit] Coverage

  Countries with full or partial coverage (30 countries and regions)
  Countries with full or partial coverage planned (official)
  Countries with full or partial coverage planned (unofficial)
  Countries with museum views only
  No coverage

Google Street View was first introduced in the United States on May 25, 2007, and only covered areas of the United States until July 2, 2008. Currently, images can be seen in at least nine countries (although parts of other countries can be seen from locations located near national borders; for example, large portions of Vatican City can be viewed from Rome's streetview). Introductions have generally occurred every 2 days to 100 days. Up until November 26, 2008, major cities (and early on, the only cities) were marked by camera icons, more of which were added each time. Then, all camera icons were discontinued in favor simply of "blue" coverage, while other features have been added to make access to and use of the feature more user-friendly.




[edit] Table

Below is a table showing the countries available on street view and the year they were first added.

Country Year added Notes
 Aland Islands 2010 First semi-autonomous region available on Street View.
 Antarctica 2010 While in Antarctica, the Pegman is shown as a Chinstrap Penguin.
 Australia 2008 Added on the same day as Japan, first country available in Oceania.
 Belgium 2011
 Brazil 2010 First country available in South America.
 Canada 2009
 Czech Republic 2009
 Denmark 2010
 France 2008 Added on the same day as Italy, one of the first two countries available in Europe.
 Finland 2010
 Germany 2010
 Hong Kong 2010
 Iraq 2011 National Museum of Iraq only.
 Ireland 2010
 Isle of Man 2011
 Italy 2008 Added on the same day as France, one of the first two countries available in Europe.
 Japan 2008 First country available in Asia. Added on the same day as Australia.
 Jersey 2011
 Macau 2010
 Mexico 2009
 Monaco 2011
 Netherlands 2009
 Norway 2010 Has the northern-most place in the world accessible by Google Street View.
 New Zealand 2008
 Poland 2012 Piotrkowska Street in Łódź only
 Portugal 2009
 Romania 2010
 Russia 2012 Most Recent country added. Coverage includes Moscow, Saint Petersburg and small parts of Kazan. Museum view was available in Russia in 2011.
 Singapore 2009
 South Africa 2010 First country available in Africa. Currently, South Africa and the Canary Islands are the only available territories in Africa.
 South Korea 2012
 Spain 2008
 Sweden 2010
 Switzerland 2009
 Taiwan 2009
 United Kingdom 2009
 United States 2007 First country available to view on Street View.

[edit] North America

Taken in Oct 2010, a Google Maps Camera Car (Subaru Impreza) showcased on Google campus in Mountain View, CA, USA

[edit] United States

The United States was the first country to have Street View images and was the only country with images for over a year following introduction. Early on, most locations had a limited number of views, usually constrained to the city limits and only including major streets, and they only showed the buildings up to a certain height. Few suburbs or other nearby cities were included.

After the first few sets of introductions, image collections from cities added were more detailed, often including every side street, especially in areas closer to the center of the city. More suburbs and other nearby cities were included.

The coverage of various cities has in many cases, subsequently been enlarged and improved, but not necessarily on the same date as new cities have been added. Improvements have included the additions of streets in neighborhoods where formerly only main roads had been covered, expansions to more suburbs, and views to the sky where formerly only views to a certain height were provided.

Initially when a group of cities were added, only those cities and their own suburbs would be a part of the image collection. However June 10, 2008 introductions also included cities in covered areas without camera icons and isolated from any other camera icons. Many more cities were added without icons on August 4, when the only U.S. city added with an icon was New Orleans.

On December 9, 2008, extensive coverage of the United States was added. This included full coverage of all large and most medium-sized urban areas and most major highways and connecting arteries throughout the 48 contiguous states.

On March 18, 2009, extensive coverage of the United States was added including most of the coverage of Delaware, North Dakota, Rhode Island, and South Dakota. For a period of time some coverage was deleted (such as in northern Minnesota.)

By January 21, 2010, more American landmarks appeared on Street View, including San Diego Zoo and Sesame Place.

On September 30, 2010, most of Alaska was replaced with high-resolution imagery, and more of Hawaiʻi was added.

On February 1, 2011, Street Views were added of the Smithsonian's Freer Gallery of Art in Washington and of the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, both in New York.[13]

[edit] Canada

Taken on June 5, 2009, a Google Maps Camera Car (Chevrolet Cobalt) in Chinatown, Toronto, Ontario

In Canada, Google Street View cars had been spotted as early as September 2007, in Montreal, though service for Canada was delayed while attempting to settle with the nation over its privacy laws. The first images of Canada were made available on October 7, 2009. Currently, most of Canada can be seen on Street View with the notable exceptions of Labrador, Nunavut, the Gaspé peninsula and Fort McMurray, Alberta.

On February 10, 2010, many more areas of Canada (barring extremely northern and rural areas) were added. Of note, ski runs on Whistler Blackcomb Resort were also covered in this update. Using Street View, it is now possible to "drive" almost to the shore of the Arctic Ocean in Alaska along the Dalton Highway; in Canada, the northernmost community currently imaged is Inuvik, Northwest Territories off the Dempster Highway.

[edit] Latin America

[edit] Mexico

In Mexico, first reports of sightings came in from Mexico City as early as April 2009 and now Google Street View cars are being spotted in many Mexican states. On November 9, 2009, Street View was made available in the main cities of Mexico, including Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Cancún and Puerto Vallarta.[14]

On February 10, 2010, more places were added.

On April 15, 2010, more areas of Mexico were uploaded. Although complete coverage has not yet occurred (in some cities only main streets are imaged), numerous locations including communities in Baja California and Ciudad Juárez now had extensive street-level coverage with this update.

[edit] Brazil

Google' Street View Camera Car in Villa-Lobos Park in São Paulo on January 7, 2010.

On September 30, 2010, the first cities from Brazil were added.[15] The service started with 51 cities, most from São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and greater metropolitan areas. Historic cities such as Ouro Preto, Diamantina and Tiradentes were also included. Google is expecting to cover 90% of Brazilian streets in two years. On September 28, 2011 several towns in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul were added.[16]

[edit] Europe

In Europe, coverage is currently available in 16 countries, with several more planned. Coverage began in Europe on July 2, 2008, with the Tour de France route in parts of France and Italy, and other parts followed.

Google Street View Opel Astra Thurles North Tipperary Ireland

[edit] Asia

Google Car in Jerusalem

Japan was also introduced on August 4, 2008. Japan's coverage is currently concentrated in five areas with a total of 10 camera icons. The service has faced criticisms from bloggers in Japan of cultural insensitivity.[17]

Google Street View camera cars were spotted in the streets of Singapore in October 2008. On December 2, 2009 Street View imagery of Singapore was made available.

In early 2009, camera cars with the Google Street View labels were spotted in Hong Kong's streets. On August 18, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan was added. On October 7, and December 2, 2009, more locations in Japan were added. On January 21, 2010, more Taiwan locations are added. At the same time, more Japanese locations are added. Unusually, while Street View images are, at present, primarily collected during daylight hours, a number of Taipei streets were imaged at night.

On March 11, 2010, Google Street View for Hong Kong, Macau, and more locations in Japan was launched.

On December 8, 2010, Google updated some of Japan's imagery with HD photographs.

On September 2, 2011 Google has revealed that its Street View feature will be introduced to the country in association with the Tourism Authority of Thailand.[18][19]

On September 3, 2011 Google started to collaborate with Tourism Malaysia to record Malaysian locations to be featured on its Google Map Street View.[20]

On January 24, 2012 Google Street View was launched in South Korea starting with imagery from the country's capital Seoul as well as South Korea's second largest city of Busan.

[edit] Oceania

On August 4, 2008, the long-anticipated image collection of Australia was introduced. At this time, 18 camera icons were added. Extensive mapping of New Zealand was included on December 1, 2008. On December 9, 2008, Darwin, Australia, and other locations were included. On October 30, 2009, Google Australia announced that they would be sending its fleet of cars back on the road from November 2009 to update Street View Australia with new images. Google said that the imagery would be available online sometime during 2010, but never provided a specific timetable. In October 2010, Google Street View ceased operations in Australia, so the new images were never released.[21] In May 2011, Google Australia stated that they have removed all the Wifi sniffing equipment and stated that they plan to shoot Australian roads again, but did not provide a specific timetable.[22] On July 27, 2011, major urban and regional centres of Australia were updated with new HD imagery.

[edit] Africa

Presently, Street View can be seen in South Africa and the Canary Islands of Spain. It has also been planned for Botswana.

On September 1, 2009, Google announced that it started collecting images in South Africa for Google Maps Street View. Google is currently driving around South Africa in Toyota Prius, taking photographs of locations in the cities of Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Durban and East London. Google Trikes are also being used for the first time to map popular tourist destinations, such as the scenic Chapman's Peak Drive and Table Mountain in Cape Town, Soccer City in Johannesburg, and the new Moses Mabhida Stadium in Durban. Images of South Africa were made available on Google Street View on June 8, 2010.

On December 8, 2010, more locations in South Africa were added. These were mostly rural and main roads, as well as a much larger coverage of the Limpopo province. After the update, the borders of South Africa's neighboring countries could be reached.

[edit] Antarctica

View of the Half Moon Island in Antarctica with a Chinstrap Penguin as Pegman.

In September 2010, views of Half Moon Island in the South Shetland Islands were added.[23]

[edit] Introductions by date, areas included

[edit] Future

On August 18, 2011, Google announced they are going to shoot photos on the Amazon River, using a boat and that the Street View trike will be used along the narrow dirt paths of Amazon villages.[24][25][26] In addition, in September 2011, Google announced plans to shoot photos of tourist attractions in Malaysia using the Street View trike.[27][28]

A list of the places Google Street View vehicles are currently driving, or where Google Street View is officially planned:[29]

Continent Countries and regions listed on Google's site[30] Countries reported in media or unofficially announced
Asia  India,  Israel,  Thailand  Pakistan[31][32]
Europe  Austria,  Bulgaria,  Croatia,  Gibraltar,[33]  Greece,  Latvia,  Luxembourg,  Slovakia,  Ukraine[34]  Alderney,[35]  Guernsey,[35]  Andorra,[36]  Estonia,[37]  Hungary,[38]  Slovenia[39]
South America  Chile  Argentina[40]
Africa  Botswana[41]

[edit] Cameras

Google has used three types of car-mounted cameras in the past to take Street View photographs. Generations 1–3 were used to take photographs in the United States. The first generation was quickly superseded and images were replaced with images taken with 2nd and 3rd generation cameras. Second generation cameras were used to take photographs in Australia. The shadows caused by the 1st, 2nd and 4th generation cameras are occasionally viewable in images taken in mornings and evenings. The new 4th generation cameras will be used to completely replace all images taken with earlier generation cameras. 4th generation cameras take near-HD images and deliver much better quality than earlier cameras.

In October 2009, Google introduced the Street View Trike, a pedal tricycle with a 4th generation camera mounted to take images where cars cannot reach. All streetview images taken now will be taken with the 4th Generation streetview cameras.

In February 2010, Google introduced the Street View Snowmobile, a snowmobile with a 4th generation camera mounted to take images on the Whistler Blackcomb Ski Slopes in preparation for the winter olympics in Vancouver, Canada.[42]

Google plans to reshoot areas covered with pre-4th generation cameras, with 4th generation cameras.

[edit] Camera quality comparison

The above shows a comparison of different generations of the Street View cameras. The first image was taken with either the first, second, or third generation Street View camera; and the second image was taken with the fourth generation Street View camera. Noticeably, the fourth generation camera provides clear, sharp, and vivid images. In most of Europe, for example, all images were taken with the fourth generation camera as these images were taken later, although some cities in France were not taken with the fourth generation camera. All older images where Street View was first made available, such as America, Australia, and Japan, will be phased out and replaced with newer imagery taken with the fourth generation Street View cameras.

[edit] Privacy issues

Privacy advocates have objected to this Google feature, pointing to views found to show men leaving strip clubs, protesters at an abortion clinic, sunbathers in bikinis, and people engaging in activities visible from public property in which they do not wish to be seen publicly.[43] The concerns have led to several temporary bans of Street View in various countries around the world. Google maintains that the photos were taken from public property; however, an individual taking pictures of private property using a ladder to gain a view not normally available to a pedestrian would be prosecuted for invasion of privacy or harassment in many jurisdictions worldwide. Google has yet to address this concern. The service also allows users themselves to flag inappropriate or sensitive imagery for Google to review and remove.[44]

In May 2010, it was revealed that Google had collected and stored payload data from unencrypted Wi-Fi connections as part of Street View.[45] German authorities are considering legal action while the Foreign Minister said "I will do all I can to prevent it." Australian police have also been ordered to investigate.[46][47]

[edit] Discontinued regions

In October 2010, Google Street View ceased operations in Australia, following months of investigations from Australian authorities.[48] However, this cessation has since ended, with Google announcing plans to continue production on May 4, 2011[49] and subsequently releasing updated Street View imagery for Australian towns and cities on July 27, 2011.[50]

In April 2011, Google decided to stop taking Street View images in Germany.[51]

In June 2011, Google decided to temporarily stop taking street images in India, after receiving a letter from the local authorities.[52]

[edit] Competing products

[edit] Artistic uses of images

Fine-art photographers including Mishka Henner, Nick Mason, Jon Rafman, Doug Rickard, and Michael Wolf have selected Google Street View images for use in their own work.[53][54][55][56][57][58] Although the images may be pixelated, the colours "muddy", and the perspective "warped", the photographs have been published in book form and exhibited in art galleries.[55][56][59] Wolf won an honourable mention in Daily Life in the 2011 World Press Photo competition for some of his work using Google Street View.[60]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Google Maps Street View in Russia". Zorgloob.com. http://www.zorgloob.com/2012/02/22/google-street-view-russie-moscou/. Retrieved February 22, 2012. 
  2. ^ "Przespaceruj się Piotrkowską na Street View w Mapach Google". googlepolska.blogspot.com. http://googlepolska.blogspot.com/2012/02/przespaceruj-sie-piotrkowska-na-street.html. Retrieved February 22, 2012. 
  3. ^ "Google Maps Street View, now there is 3D option?". Itechdiary.com. http://www.itechdiary.com/google-maps-street-view-now-there-is-3d-option.html. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  4. ^ "Googlemaps trike". Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/kateshanley/2811857695/in/pool-googlestreetviewcar. 
  5. ^ "Google Street View snowmobile on Google Lat Long blog". http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/02/street-view-hits-slopes-at-whistler.html. 
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  8. ^ "PhotoTechEDU Day 25: Open-source-based high-resolution cameras". Google. August 10, 2007. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3616515426451811910. Retrieved March 11, 2011. 
  9. ^ Frome, Andrea (May 12, 2008). "Google's LatLong Blog". Google-latlong.blogspot.com. http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/05/street-view-revisits-manhattan.html. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  10. ^ Shankland, Stephen. "CNet article "Google begins blurring faces in Street View"". News.cnet.com. http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9943140-7.html. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  11. ^ "PC World article "Google Street View Gets Smart Navigation"". Pcworld.com. June 5, 2009. http://www.pcworld.com/article/166178/google_street_view_gets_smart_navigation. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
  12. ^ {url=https://groups.google.com/a/googleproductforums.com/forum/#!category-topic/earth/x5Th6iq-L2A Street View banned into Google Earth versions earlier than 6.0}
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  14. ^ "México ya es accesible, calle por calle, en Internet". Informador.com.mx. http://www.informador.com.mx/economia/2009/152568/6/mexico-ya-es-accesible-calle-por-calle-en-internet.htm. Retrieved August 27, 2010. 
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  16. ^ Gustavo Petró Do G1, em São Paulo. "G1 – Street View estreia na América do Sul com 51 cidades brasileiras – notícias em Tecnologia e Games". G1.globo.com. http://g1.globo.com/tecnologia/noticia/2010/09/street-view-chega-ao-brasil-mostrando-ruas-de-15-municipios.html. Retrieved October 2, 2010. 
  17. ^ Japan and Google Street View, special coverage page at Global Voices Online.
  18. ^ "CNC World – Google adds Thailand to Street View" (in (Chinese)). Cncworld.tv. September 4, 2011. http://www.cncworld.tv/news/v_show/17918_Google_adds_Thailand_to_Street_View.shtml. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
  19. ^ "Google Street View in Chiang Mai – Living In Thailand". Livingthai.org. June 14, 2011. http://www.livingthai.org/google-street-view-in-chiang-mai.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=google-street-view-in-chiang-mai. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
  20. ^ "Malaysian streets on Google". News.asiaone.com. September 3, 2011. http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Science%2Band%2BTech/Story/A1Story20110903-297503.html. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
  21. ^ Chloe Herrick. "Google: Street View cars no longer in operation in Australia". http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/366213/google_street_view_cars_no_longer_operation_australia. 
  22. ^ "Google Australia lays out future Street View privacy measures – Street View, security, privacy, Google, data – Privacy – Security". Techworld. May 5, 2011. http://www.techworld.com.au/article/385384/google_australia_lays_future_street_view_privacy_measures/. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
  23. ^ "BBC News – Google Street View hits Antarctic". BBC. October 1, 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11452025. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
  24. ^ Tuxen, Karin (August 17, 2011). "Google LatLong: Street View goes to the Amazon". Google-latlong.blogspot.com. http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2011/08/street-view-goes-to-amazon.html. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
  25. ^ "Folha.com – Fotografia – Google Street View na Amazônia". Fotografia.folha.uol.com.br. August 18, 2011. http://fotografia.folha.uol.com.br/galerias/4165-google-street-view-na-amazonia. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
  26. ^ "Portal Amazônia – Notícias – Comunidades ribeirinhas amazonenses estarão no Google Street View". Portalamazonia.com.br. http://www.portalamazonia.com.br/secao/noticias/amazonas/2011/08/17/comunidades-ribeirinhas-amazonenses-estarao-no-google-street-view/. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
  27. ^ Wee, Willis (September 2, 2011). "Google Trike In Malaysia For Upcoming Street View Asking Users Where To Snap". Penn-olson.com. http://www.penn-olson.com/2011/09/02/google-street-view-malaysia/. Retrieved December 16, 2011. 
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  30. ^ "Where is Street View – Google Maps with Street View". Maps.google.com. http://maps.google.com/help/maps/streetview/learn/where-is-street-view.html. Retrieved 2012-01-12. 
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