Streptococcus bovis
| Streptococcus bovis | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Firmicutes |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Lactobacillales |
| Family: | Streptococcaceae |
| Genus: | Streptococcus |
| Species: | S. bovis |
| Binomial name | |
| Streptococcus bovis Orla-Jensen 1919 |
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Streptococcus bovis is a catalase- and oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-sporulating, Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium that grows as pairs or chains of cocci.[1] It is a member of the Lancefield group D streptococci. Most strains are non- or gamma-hemolytic, but some also display alpha-hemolytic activity on ovine blood agar plates. S. bovis is commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants.[2]
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[edit] Pathogenicity
S. bovis is a known human pathogen that has been implicated as a causative agent of endocarditis,[3] and, more rarely, neonatal septicemia and meningitis.[4][5][6]
A correlative relationship exists between colon cancer and S. bovis proliferation in the large intestine.[7] One study indicated that 15% of patients that were diagnosed with S. bovis bacteremia had colonic neoplasms.[8] However, research has not yet determined if this organism is a causative agent of colon cancer, or if pre-existing cancer makes the lumen of the large intestine more hospitable to S. bovis outgrowth.[9]
[edit] Ruminal effects
When ruminants consume diets high in starch or sugar, these easily fermentable carbohydrates promote the proliferation of S. bovis in the rumen. Because S. bovis is a lactic acid bacterium, fermentation of these carbohydrates to lactic acid can cause a dramatic decline in ruminal pH, and subsequent development of adverse conditions such as ruminal acidosis or feedlot bloat.[10][11]
[edit] References
- ^ Schlegel, L., Grimont, R., Ageron, E., Grimont, P.A.D. and A. Bouvet. 2003. Reappraisal of the taxonomy of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex and related species: description of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus subsp. nov., S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus subsp. nov. and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:631-645
- ^ Ghali, M.B., Scott, P.T. and R.A.M. Al Jassim. 2004. Characterization of Streptococcus bovis from the rumen of the dromedary camel and Rusa deer. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 39(4):341–346.
- ^ Ryan K.J. and C.G. Ray CG (editors). 2004. Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ Headings DL, Herrera A, Mazzi E, Bergman MA (February 1978). "Fulminant neonatal septicemia caused by Streptococcus bovis". J. Pediatr. 92 (2): 282–3. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(78)80026-2. PMID 413898.
- ^ White BA, Labhsetwar SA, Mian AN (November 2002). "Streptococcus bovis bacteremia and fetal death". Obstet Gynecol 100 (5 Pt 2): 1126–9. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02206-8. PMID 12423832.
- ^ Grant RJ, Whitehead TR, Orr JE (1 January 2000). "Streptococcus bovis meningitis in an infant". J. Clin. Microbiol. 38 (1): 462–3. PMC 88753. PMID 10618145. http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10618145.
- ^ Klein RS, Recco RA, Catalano MT, Edberg SC, Casey JI, Steigbigel NH (13 October 1977). "Association of Streptococcus bovis with carcinoma of the colon". N. Engl. J. Med. 297 (15): 800–2. doi:10.1056/NEJM197710132971503. PMID 408687. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/297/15/800.
- ^ Alazmi W, Bustamante M, O'Loughlin C, Gonzalez J, Raskin JB (April 2006). "The association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia and gastrointestinal diseases: a retrospective analysis". Dig. Dis. Sci. 51 (4): 732–6. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-3199-7. PMID 16614996. http://www.springerlink.com/content/a281340827043j31/.
- ^ zur Hausen H (November 2006). "Streptococcus bovis: causal or incidental involvement in cancer of the colon?". Int. J. Cancer 119 (9): xi–xii. doi:10.1002/ijc.22314. PMID 16947772.
- ^ Asanuma N, Hino T (2002). "egulation of fermentation in a ruminal bacterium, Streptococcus bovis, with special reference to rumen acidosis". Animal Sci. J. 73 (5): 313–325. doi:10.1046/j.1344-3941.2002.00044.x. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/asj/2002/00000073/00000005/art00001.
- ^ "Subacute Ruminal Acidosis". The Merck Veterinary Manual. http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/21704.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
[edit] External links
- DDB 31906 Streptococcus bovis
- Streptococcus Group D Infections at eMedicine
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