Stropharia
| Stropharia | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Stropharia aeruginosa | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Family: | Strophariaceae |
| Genus: | Stropharia (Fr.) Quél. (1872) |
| Type species | |
| Stropharia aeruginosa (Curtis) Quél. (1872) |
|
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Geophila Quél. (1886) |
|
The genus Stropharia (sometimes known by the common name roundheads) is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. The scientific name is derived from the Greek 'στροφος/strophos' meaning "belt", in reference to it. Spore print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown with white edge at maturity, except for a few species that have rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group as presently delimited is polyphyletic. Members of the core clade of Stropharia are characterized by crystalline acanthocytes among the hyphae that make up the rhizoids at the base of the mushroom.
Well-known members of this genus include the edible Stropharia rugosoannulata and the blue-green verdigris agarics (Stropharia aeruginosa and allies).
Recent molecular work shows the core group of the genus most closely related to Hypholoma and Pholiota. Other such as S. semiglobata are more distantly related. Section Stropholoma, on the basis of molecular work and its distinct micromorphology was placed in its own genus, Leratiomyces in 2008.
Stropharia are not generally regarded as good to eat and there are doubts over the edibility of several species. However the species Stropharia rugosoannulata is regarded as exquisitely edible when young, is now the premier mushroom for outdoor bed culture by mycophiles in temperate climates.[2]
The psychedelic mushroom, formerly known as Stropharia cubensis, has been reclassified into the genus Psilocybe by mycologist Rolf Singer, hence in some references it is referred to as Psilocybe cubensis.[3] It bears a superficial resemblance to Stropharia with its relatively large size, well-developed annulus, and dark spores; however, it is simply a large-size example of the bluing Psilocybe and hence is not a close relative of Stropharia.
[edit] Species
- Stropharia aeruginosa
- Stropharia agaricoides[4]
- Stropharia albivelata
- Stropharia albonitens
- Stropharia alcis
- Stropharia aurantiaca
- Stropharia caerulea
- Stropharia coronilla
- Stropharia halophila
- Stropharia hornemannii
- Stropharia inuncta
- Stropharia lepiotiformis
- Stropharia luteonitens
- Stropharia mammillata
- Stropharia melanosperma
- Stropharia pseudocyanea
- Stropharia rugosoannulata
- Stropharia semiglobata
- Stropharia squamulosa
- Stropharia venusta[4]
[edit] Gallery
[edit] References
- ^ "Stropharia (Fr.) Quél. 1872". MycoBank.International Mycological Association. http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=18613. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
- ^ Paul Stamets, Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms, pg. 334, Ten Speed Press, 3rd ed. (2000), ISBN 1580081754
- ^ O. T. Oss, O. N. Oeric, Psilocybin: magic mushroom grower's guide: a handbook for psilocybin Enthusiasts, Quick American Archives, 2nded. (1993), ISBN 0932551068
- ^ a b da Silva PS, Cortez VG, da Silveira RMB. (2009). "New species of Stropharia from Araucaria angustifolia forests of southern Brazil". Mycologia 101 (4): 539–44. doi:10.3852/08-097.
