Sam Rivers

See Sam Rivers (bassist) for the Limp Bizkit bass guitarist.

Sam Rivers
Rivers and Joe Daley, 1976
Background information
Birth name	Samuel Carthorne Rivers
Born	September 25, 1923(1923-09-25) Enid, Oklahoma, U.S.
Died	December 26, 2011(2011-12-26) (aged 88) Orlando, Florida, U.S.
Genres	Avant-garde jazz Free jazz
Occupations	Musician Bandleader Composer
Instruments	Saxophone Clarinet Flute Harmonica Piano
Years active	1950s–2011
Labels	Blue Note, RCA, Impulse, Stunt
Associated acts	Quincy Jones Miles Davis Dizzy Gillespie Bobby Hutcherson Andrew Hill Jimmy Lyons Dave Holland
Website	Sam Rivers

Samuel Carthorne Rivers (September 25, 1923 – December 26, 2011) was an American jazz musician and composer. He performed on soprano and tenor saxophones, bass clarinet, flute, harmonica and piano.

Rivers was born in Enid, Oklahoma. Active in jazz since the early 1950s, he earned wider attention during the mid-1960s spread of free jazz. With a thorough command of music theory, orchestration and composition, Rivers was an influential and prominent artist in jazz music.

Early life

Rivers's father was a gospel musician who had sung with the Fisk Jubilee Singers and the Silverstone Quartet, exposing Rivers to music from an early age. Rivers moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1947, where he studied at the Boston Conservatory with Alan Hovhaness.

He performed with Quincy Jones, Herb Pomeroy, Tadd Dameron and others.

Blue Note era

In 1959 Rivers began performing with 13-year-old drummer Tony Williams, who later went on to have an impressive career. Rivers was briefly a member of the Miles Davis's quintet in 1964, partly at Williams's recommendation. This quintet was recorded a single album, Miles in Tokyo. However, Rivers' playing style was too free to be compatible with Davis's music at this point, and he was soon replaced by Wayne Shorter. Rivers was signed by Blue Note Records, for whom he recorded four albums as leader and made several sideman appearances. Among noted sidemen on his own Blue Note albums were Jaki Byard, who appears on Fuchsia Swing Song, Herbie Hancock and Freddie Hubbard. He appeared on Blue Note recordings by Tony Williams, Andrew Hill and Larry Young.

Rivers's music is rooted in bebop, but he is an adventurous player, adept at free jazz. The first of his Blue Note albums, Fuchsia Swing Song, is widely regarded as a masterpiece of an approach sometimes called "inside-outside". With this approach the performer frequently obliterates the explicit harmonic framework ("going outside") but retains a hidden link so as to be able to return to it in a seamless fashion. Rivers brought the conceptual tools of bebop harmony to a new level in this process, united at all times with the ability to "tell a story" which Lester Young had laid down as a benchmark for the jazz improviser.

His powers as a composer were also in evidence in this period: the ballad "Beatrice" from Fuchsia Swing Song has become an important standard, particularly for tenor saxophonists.

Loft era

During the 1970s, Rivers and his wife, Bea, ran a noted jazz loft called "Studio Rivbea" in New York City's NoHo district. It was located on Bond Street in Lower Manhattan and was originally opened as a public performance space as part of the first New York Musicians Festival in 1970. Critic John Litweiler has written that "In New York Loft Jazz meant Free Jazz in the Seventies" and Studio Rivbea was "the most famous of the lofts" The loft was important in the development of jazz because it was an example of artists creating their own performance spaces and taking responsibility for presenting music to the public. This allowed for music to be free of extra-musical concerns that would be present in a nightclub or concert hall situation. A series of recordings made at the loft were issued under the title Wildflowers on the Douglas label.

During this era Rivers continued to record for a variety of labels, including several albums for Impulse! (Streams, recorded live at Montreux, Hues - both records contain different trio performances later collated on CD as Trio Live - the quartet album Sizzle and his first big-band disc, Crystals); perhaps his best-known work from this period, though, is his appearance on Dave Holland's Conference of the Birds at 49 years, in the company of Anthony Braxton and Barry Altschul.

Later career

He performed regularly with his Orchestra and Trio (with Doug Matthews and Rion Smith). In 1998 he recorded two big-band albums for RCA Victor with the RivBea All-Star Orchestra, Culmination and Inspiration (the title-track is an elaborate reworking of Dizzy Gillespie's "Tanga": Rivers was in Gillespie's band near the end of the trumpeter's life). Other recent albums of note include Portrait, a solo recording for FMP, and Vista, a trio with drummers Adam Rudolph and Harris Eisenstadt for Meta. During the late 1990s he appeared on several albums on Postcards Records.

In 2006, he released Aurora, a third CD featuring compositions for his Rivbea Orchestra and the first CD featuring members of his working orchestra in Orlando.

Rivers died from pneumonia on December 26, 2011 at the age of 88 in Orlando, Florida.

Discography

Jemeel Moondoc and Rashid Bakr at Studio Rivbea July, 1976

Lake Eola, Orlando Fl in 2008

2007

As leader

• 1964: Fuchsia Swing Song (Blue Note)
• 1965: Contours (Blue Note)
• 1966: A New Conception (Blue Note)
• 1967: Dimensions & Extensions (Blue Note)
• 1973: Streams (Impulse!)
• 1973: Hues (Impulse!)
• 1974: Crystals (Impulse!)
• 1976: Sizzle (Impulse!)
• 1976: Dave Holland / Sam Rivers (Improvising Artists)
• 1976: Sam Rivers / Dave Holland Vol. 2 (Improvising Artists)
• 1976: The Tuba Trio Vols 1-3 (Circle)
• 1976: Jazz Of The 70's (Circle)
• 1976: The Quest (Red / Pausa)
• 1977: Paragon (Fluid)
• 1978: Waves (Tomato)
• 1980: Contrasts (ECM)
• 1981: Crosscurrent (Blue Marge)
• 1982: Colours (Black Saint)
• 1995: Portrait (FMP)
• 1997: Configuration" (Nato)
• 1998: Eight Day Journal (Nato)
• 1999: Winter Garden (Nato)
• 1999: Inspiration (RCA Victor)
• 2004: Celebration
• 2007: Firestorm
• 2011: Trilogy (Mosaic)

As sideman

With Barry Altschul

• You Can't Name Your Own Tune (Muse, 1977)

With Steven Bernstein

• Diaspora Blues (Tzadik, 2002)

With Miles Davis

• Miles in Tokyo (Columbia, 1964)

With Brian Groder

• Torque (2007)

With Andrew Hill

• Change (Blue Note, 1966)

With the Dave Holland Quartet

• Conference of the Birds, (ECM, 1973)

With Bobby Hutcherson

• Dialogue (Blue Note, 1965)

With Jason Moran

• Black Stars (Blue Note, 2001)

With Music Revelation Ensemble

• In the Name of... (DIW, 1993)

With Don Pullen

• Capricorn Rising (Black Saint, 1975)

with Cecil Taylor

• The Great Concert of Cecil Taylor (Prestige, 1969)

With Alexander von Schlippenbach

• Tangens (FMP, 1998)

With Tony Williams

• Life Time (Blue Note, 1964)
• Spring (Blue Note, 1965)

With Larry Young

• Into Somethin' (Blue Note, 1964)

With NOJO

• City Of Neighbourhoods (2004)

External links

• Sam Rivers Web Site
• The Sam Rivers Sessionography and Gigography
• Jazz at Lincoln Center - Chat With Sam Rivers
• FMP Releases
• NPR profile, September 20, 2009
• Interview at allaboutjazz.com