Supra (grammar)

Supra (Latin for "above") is an academic and legal citation signal used when a writer desires to refer a reader to an earlier-cited authority. For example, an author wanting to refer to a source in his or her third footnote would cite: See supra note 3. Or for text in that note: See supra text accompanying note 3.

Supra can also be used to provide a short form citation to an earlier (but not immediately preceding) authority. For example:

• Stephen J. Legatzke, Note, The Equitable Recoupment Doctrine in United States v. Dalm: Where's the Equity, 10 Va. Tax Rev. 861 (1991).
• Legatzke, supra at 862.

In this example, the second citation refers the reader to page 862 in the journal in which the article by Legatzke appears.

See also

• Ibid.
• Id.
• Op. cit.