List of surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War

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The following is a list of known surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936 – April 1, 1939). The total number of participating personnel is unknown, but there were an estimated 35,000 foreigners who fought on the Republican side in what was known as the International Brigades. In addition, Adolf Hitler of Nazi Germany sent as many as 20,000 soldiers (not all at the same time) and Benito Mussolini of Italy sent as many as 60,000 soldiers to fight alongside the soldiers of Spanish General Francisco Franco.

Veterans, for this purpose, are defined as people who were members of the armed forces of one of the combatant forces up to and including the date recognized as the end of the War, which was April 1, 1939.

Contents

[edit] Republican Forces–20 veterans

Nationality Name Date of Birth Age Residence Force served Notes
Austria Landauer, Hans 01921-04-19 19 April 1921 90 Austria International Brigade Joined on February 12, 1937. Wounded on September 4, 1937, in Fuendetodos. Arrested in November 1940 and sent to Dachau concentration camp. Lives in Oberwaltersdorf.[1]
Czechoslovakia Dufek, Karel 01916-01-24 24 January 1916 96 Czech Republic International Brigade Joined in January 1937. Lieutenant-Colonel in Republican Army. Czechoslovak Ambassador in Brazil from 1968-1972.[2]
Czechoslovakia Vodicka, Adolf 01913-01-26 26 January 1913 99 Czech Republic International Brigade Member of the Sokol Association and youth. Captain in Republican Army. Fought in World War II.[3]
Finland Päiviö, Jules 01915 1915 97 Canada Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion Captured by Italian troops from March 1938 to spring 1939 being imprisoned in Burgos. Enlisted in World War II, but was prohibited from fighting on front due to Spanish veterans being treated as Communists. Professor and architect. Lives in Sudbury.[4][5][6]
France
Germany		 Low, Adolphe 01915-07-21 21 July 1915 96 France Bataillon Edgar André Joined in 1936 after fleeing from Nazis to France. Later fought in French Resistance.[7]
Germany Teppich, Fritz 01918-11-26 26 November 1918 93 Germany Second Spanish Republic Member of social youth groups during teen years. Joined on 5 September 1936. Member of General Staff of XXII Arrested during World War II for being an "enemy alien". Lives in Berlin.[8]
Ireland Cochrane, Patrick 01913-05-26 26 May 1913 98 Ireland International Brigade Last Irish veteran who fought for the Republic. Volunteered in 1937. He served as a medic. Wounded on 5 September 1937 at Calle Mayor by grenade. Lives in Dublin.[9]
Estonia Elman, Erik 01919 1919 92 Estonia International Brigade Joined in 1938. Volunteer in Republican Army at the Ebro front. Was in a concentration camp. 1941–1949 in Red Army (USSR).[10]
USSR Kondrateva, Adelina 01920-02-12 12 February 1920 91 Russia Red Army Military interpreter.[11]
USSR Lavski, Victor 01914 1914 98 Russia Red Army Bomber pilot. Committed 96 operational flights.[12]
USSR Sossenko, George 01918-12-20 20 December 1918 93 United States Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Sébastien Faure Century Fought in World War II with Free French. Medical engineer for Michelin Tire. Writer. Lives in Atlanta, Georgia.[13]
USSR Zaitseva, Miroslava 01913 1913 99 Russia Red Army Military interpreter.[14]
Spain Morayta, Miguel 01907-08-15 15 August 1907 104 Mexico Second Spanish Republic Was the youngest artillery officer in the Spanish military when the conflict started. Post war, left Spain for France and Africa, finally arriving in Mexico in 1941. where he started career as film director.[15]
Spain Sampedro, José Luis 01917-02-01 1 February 1917 94 Spain Second Spanish Republic Mobilized in 1936. Writer and novelist.[15]
Spain Ana, Marcos 01920-01-20 20 January 1920 92 Spain Second Spanish Republic Mobilized in 1936. Secretary general of JSU of Alcala in Peguerinos's zone in 1936. Affiliated to Communist Party of Spain.[15]
Spain Carrillo, Santiago 01915-01-18 18 January 1915 97 Spain Communists Arrested from October 1934 to February 1936 for participating in the failed 1934 leftist coup. Elected Councillor for Public Order in Defense Council of Madrid on 7 November 1936. Created Workers Party of Spain-Communist Unity. Led Communist forces in Madrid. Writer. Granted honorary doctorate by Autonomous University of Madrid.[16]
United Kingdom Kenton, Lou 01908-09-01 1 September 1908 103 United Kingdom International Brigade Joined Communist Party in 1929. Volunteered in early 1937. Served as an Ambulance driver. Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009, in London.[9][17][18][19]
United Kingdom Lomon, David 01918 1918 94 United Kingdom International Brigade Captured by Italian soldiers during 1938 Republican retreat. Spent months in prison camp until repatriatad. Joined the Royal Navy during World War II. Obtained passport from Spain in June 2011.[20]
United Kingdom Watters, Thomas 01913 1913 99 United Kingdom International Brigade Glasgow bus driver who served in Scottish Ambulance Unit. Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009, in London.[9][21][20]
United States Hovan, John George 01916 1916 96 United States Abraham Lincoln Brigade Volunteered in 1937. Served as a Transport driver. Granted Spanish honorary citizenship on July 9, 2009. Lives in Providence, Rhode Island.[22]
United States Sossenko, George 01918-12-20 20 December 1918 93 United States Durruti Column Volunteered 1935. Later fought with the Free French. Lives in Atlanta, Georgia.

[edit] Nationalist Forces—9 veterans

Nationality Name Date of Birth Age Residence Force served Notes
Germany Scholz, Günther 01911-12-08 8 December 1911 100 Germany Legion Condor, Luftwaffe Joined Navy in 1934. Commander of the 54th JG during World War II. Recipient of the German Cross in Gold. Writer.[23]
Ireland McGuinness, Denis 02012 Ireland Irish Brigade aka O'Duffy's Bandera Last veteran of the Irish Brigade. Enlisted in December 1936. Discharged in June 1937.[24][25]
Spain Comyn, Alfonso Armada 01920-02-20 20 February 1920 91 Spain Falange Enlisted aged 16. Later fought as a member of the Division Azul on the Eastern Front.[26][27]
Spain Córdoba, José María Gárate 01918 1918 94 Spain Nationalist Army Promoted to captain in 1942. Awarded four medals. Military historian, author, and teacher.[28]
Spain Limia, José Álvarez 01919-08-04 4 August 1919 92 Spain Nationalist Army Served in Barcelona. Writer.[29]
Spain Morera, Martí de Riguer i 01914-05-03 3 May 1914 97 Spain Tercio Writer. President of the "Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona" since 1965.[30]
Spain Olivera, Faustino 01919 1919 93 Spain Nationalist Army Volunteered in 1937. Wounded on November 11, 1938. Had a bullet removed from his shoulder after 70 years. Lives in Barbastro.[31]
Spain Sierra, Luis de la 01920 1920 92 Spain Nationalist Navy Volunteered in 1937. Served on board the cruiser Almirante Cervera. After the war, he became a Spanish Navy officer. He is a notable naval historian, author of at least seven books about naval warfare.[32]
Spain Belarmin, Moldes 01917-08-29 29 August 1917 94 Spain Nationalist Army Joined the nationalist army in 1935, he was a private first class,he was in the Engineer Corps. and later a chaplain. Joined the Blue Division in 1941 During World War II. He now resides in the suburbs of Madrid. He was born in Biobra a parish of Rubiá in Galicia (Spain) on August 29,1917.

[edit] World Totals–29 veterans

  • Verified claims of Republican Forces (incl. International Brigades): 20
  • Verified claims of Nationalist Forces: 9

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Solinís, Pedro (2005-10). "La dignidad del resistente" (in Spanish). Mundo Obrero. http://www.nodo50.org/pce/mundoobrero/mopl.php?id=390. Retrieved 2009-11-21. 
  2. ^ "podplukovník Karel Dufek (1916) - Životopis" (in Czech). Post Bellum. http://www.pametnaroda.cz/witness/index/id/42. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  3. ^ "kapitán Adolf Vodička (1913) - Životopis" (in Czech). Post Bellum. http://www.pametnaroda.cz/witness/index/id/44. Retrieved 2009-06-05. 
  4. ^ Oinonen, Virpi. "Man of conviction". Vapaa Sana. http://www.vapaasana.com/24-06-julespaivio.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-20. 
  5. ^ Mackey, Doug (2008-04-25). "Local Man in New Book on Spanish Civil War". Community Voices. http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/columns/08_04_25.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  6. ^ Mäkinen, Juha (2007-10). "On behalf of Spain" (in Finnish). Voima. http://fifi.voima.fi/voima-artikkeli/2007/numero-10/espanjan-puolesta. Retrieved 2010-10-26. 
  7. ^ Adolphe Low: Mein Weg nach Spanien. „informationen“ Studienkreis Deutscher Widerstand 1933–1945 e. V., Heft 49, Mai 1999
  8. ^ "Fritz Teppich, der letzte Spanienkämpfer" (in German). RP Online. 2009-01-02. http://www.rp-online.de/politik/Fritz-Teppich-der-letzte-Spanienkaempfer_aid_656368.html. Retrieved 2010-10-26. 
  9. ^ a b c Haynes, Deborah (2009-05-26). "Spanish Civil War volunteers are granted citizenship 70 years on". The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6360886.ece. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  10. ^ Leppik, Tatyana (2006-06-17). "Последний участник гражданской войны в Испании растит сад и пишет мемуары" (in Russian). Северное побережье. http://rus.pohjarannik.ee/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=2109. Retrieved 2011-01-15. 
  11. ^ Владимир, ПОТОЦКИЙ (2008-10-11). "Испания встречает своих героев" (in Russian). Европейский русский альянс. http://eursa.eu/node/1802. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 
  12. ^ "Легендарному фронтовику вернули похищенные ордена" (in Russian). NewsTube. 2010-11-20. http://www.newstube.ru/media/legendarnomu-frontoviku-vernuli-poxishhennye-ordena. Retrieved 2010-12-24. 
  13. ^ "Brigadistas Internacionales en la Guerra Civil de España" (in Spanish). US Times. http://ustimes.com/Sossenko/brigadas.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  14. ^ «Вечерка» объявляет акцию «Народный памятник» (in Russian)[dead link]
  15. ^ a b c Regalado, Antonio (2009-10-30). "Miguel Morayta: Un olvido de cine". ABC. http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-30-10-2009/abc/Toledo/miguel-morayta-un-olvido-de-cine_1131083948429.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  16. ^ Carrillo miente, 156 documentos contra 103 falsedades, Ricardo de la Cierva
  17. ^ Haslam, Chris (2007-10-21). "Band of brothers". The Times. p. 6. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2688486.ece?token=null&offset=60. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  18. ^ Katz, Ian (2000-11-10). "'I shall never forget it, as long as I live'". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,395345,00.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  19. ^ [1][unreliable source?]
  20. ^ a b [2]
  21. ^ Hadley, Kathryn (2009-06-11). "Spanish passport for British members of the International Brigades". History Today. http://historytodaymagazine.blogspot.com/2009/06/spanish-passport-for-british-members-of.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  22. ^ Abbruzzese of AP, Kelsey (2009-07-09). "American, 93, Honored as Spanish War Vet". CBS News [. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/07/09/national/main5146669.shtml. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  23. ^ "Im Einsatz über Europa Der Jagdflieger Günther Scholz erinnert" (in German). 2009. http://www.militaria-buchversand.de/product_info.php?info=p367_Am-Himmel-Europas--Der-Jagdflieger-Guenther-Scholz-erinnert-sich.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  24. ^ McGuinness, Niamh (2006). "A Bandera volunteer remembers". http://irelandscw.com/band-DMcG.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  25. ^ "Obituary for one of the last Bandera volunteers - Update 2nd Sept 2008". Ireland and the Spanish Civil War. 2008-09-02. http://irelandscw.com/top-Contents-OD.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  26. ^ Martínez Ínglés, Amadeo: 23-F. El golpe que nunca existió, Foca, Madrid, 2001. ISBN 84-95440-13-X
  27. ^ Aguilar, Miguel Angel (1982-02-21). "Hubo careo Suárez-Armada en el otoño de 1977" (in Spanish). El País. http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/ARMADA_COMYN/_ALFONSO_/MILITAR_23-F/SUAREZ/_ADOLFO/ESPAnA/GOLPISMO_EN_ESPAnA_/_23-F_/23-2-1981/Hubo/careo/Suarez-Armada/otono/1977/elpepiesp/19820221elpepinac_7/Tes/. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  28. ^ Córdoba, José (1972). Mil días de fuego: Memorias documentadas de la guerra del treinta y seis. Caralt Editores. 
  29. ^ José Álvarez Limia's official website (in Spanish)
  30. ^ "Martín de Riquer" (in Spanish). Lecturalia. http://www.lecturalia.com/autor/3930/martin-de-riquer. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 
  31. ^ Govan, Fiona (2008-02-13). "Spanish civil war veteran has bullet removed". Telegraph Media Group. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1578553/Spanish-civil-war-veteran-has-bullet-removed.html. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 
  32. ^ Lago, José (2010-10-03). "UN RECUERDO AL CAPITÁN DE FRAGATA DON LUIS DE LA SIERRA" (in Spanish). Historia Lago. http://www.historialago.com/av_0205_delasierra_01.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27. 

[edit] External links

Lists of known Spanish Civil War veterans' deaths by year

Numbers in brackets indicate the number of veterans known to die that year
2000–05 (36) · 2006 (12) · 2007 (10) · 2008 (11) · 2009 (8) · 2010 (9) · 2011 (4) · 2012 (0)
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