Svobodny, Amur Oblast
| Svobodny (English) Свободный (Russian) |
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| - Town[citation needed] - | |
 Svobodny
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| Coordinates: 51°23′37″N 128°07′23″E / 51.39361°N 128.12306°ECoordinates: 51°23′37″N 128°07′23″E / 51.39361°N 128.12306°E | |
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| Administrative status (as of December 2008) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Amur Oblast |
| Administratively subordinated to | Svobodny Urban Okrug[1] |
| Administrative center of | Svobodnensky District, Svobodny Urban Okrug[1] |
| Municipal status (as of December 2004) | |
| Urban okrug | Svobodny Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Svobodny Urban Okrug[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
58,594 inhabitants[3] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 283rd |
| Population (2002 Census) | 63,889 inhabitants[4] |
| - Rank in 2002 | 252nd |
| Time zone | YAKST (UTC+10:00)[5] |
| Founded | 1910[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 41643[citation needed] |
Svobodny (Russian: Свобо́дный) is a town in Amur Oblast, Russia, located located 167 kilometers (104 mi) north of Blagoveshchensk on the right bank of the Zeya River. Population: 58,594 (2010 Census preliminary results);[3] 63,889 (2002 Census);[4] 80,006 (1989 Census).[6]
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[edit] History
It was founded in 1912 in conjunction with the construction of the Amur Railway (the Trans-Siberian Railway's "bypass" route, which was to provide a railway connection from European Russia to the Pacific entirely over the Russian soil, without crossing the north-eastern China). It was originally named Alexeyevsk, in honor of the then crown prince Alexey. After the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II following the February Revolution, the town was renamed Svobodny, Russian for free.
During the Stalin era, the BAMLag prison camp was built in Svobodny, with the intention of providing forced labor for the planned construction of the BAM railway. The camp became one of the largest in the gulag system, with ca. 190,300 convicts in October 1935. The camp claimed the lives of thousands of political and clerical prisoners.
It is the birthplace of the director Leonid Gaiday, whose memorial was unveiled in September 2006.
[edit] Administrative and municipal status
Administratively, it is incorporated as Svobodny Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] Municipally, this administrative unit also has the urban okrug status.[2]
[edit] Economy and infrastructure
The town is an important junction for both rail and river traffic, with two railway stations on the Trans-Siberian Railway including rolling-stock repair facilities, and a river port on the Zeya.
The town is also home to factories producing machinery and furniture, as well as the administrative center for mining operations in the region, including the gold mining concern Amurzoloto.
It is served by Svobodny Airport and is near the Orlovka interceptor air base and other locations maintained by the Russian Air Force.
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c Law #127-OZ
- ^ a b c Law #402-OZ
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
[edit] Sources
- Амурский областной Совет народных депутатов. Закон №127-ОЗ от 23 декабря 2005 г. «О порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства Амурской области», в ред. Закона №164-ОЗ от 29 декабря 2008 г «О внесении изменений в закон Амурской области "О порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства Амурской области"». Вступил в силу со дня первого официального опубликования, за исключением подпункта "б" пункта 2 статьи 7, вступающего в силу с 1 января 2006 г. Опубликован: "Амурская правда", №11, 24 января 2006 г. (Amur Oblast Council of People's Deputies. Law #127-OZ of December 23, 2005 On the Procedures of Handling the Issues of the Administrative and Territorial Structure of Amur Oblast, as amended by the Law #164-OZ of December 29, 2008 On Amending the Law of Amur Oblast "On the Procedures of Handling the Issues of the Administrative and Territorial Structure of Amur Oblast". Effective as of the day of the first official publication, with the exception of subitem "b" of item 2 of Article 7, which is effective January 1, 2006).
- Амурский областной Совет народных депутатов. Закон №402-ОЗ от 30 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении муниципального образования города Свободного статусом городского округа и об установлении его границ». Вступил в силу со дня первого официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Амурская правда", №8, 15 января 2005 г. (Amur Oblast Council of People's Deputies. Law #402-OZ of December 30, 2004 On Granting the Municipal Formation of the Town of Svobodny the Urban Okrug Status and on Establishing Its Borders. Effective as of the day of the first official publication).
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