The Syndiniales are an order of dinoflagellates, found exclusively as endosymbionts of the tintinnid ciliates, crustacea and fish, protozoa, algae, other dinoflagellates.[1] The trophic form is often multinucleate, and ultimately divides to form motile spores, which have two flagella in typical dinoflagellate arrangement. They lack a theca and chloroplasts, and unlike all other orders, the nucleus is never a dinokaryon. A well-studied example is Amoebophrya, which is a parasite of other dinoflagellates and may play a part in ending red tides.
The order Syndiniales belongs to the class Syndiniophyceae or Syndinea.[2]
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[edit] References
- ^ Hoek, C. van den; Mann, D. G.; Jahns, Hans Martin (1995). Algae: an Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–280. ISBN 0-521-31687-1.
- ^ Gómez, F.; Moreira, D.; López-García, P. N. (2010). "Molecular Phylogeny of Noctilucoid Dinoflagellates (Noctilucales, Dinophyceae)". Protist 161 (3): 466–478. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2009.12.005. PMID 20188628. edit
