Syringe
Contents |
Medical syringes [edit]
- See also Hypodermic needle.
Hypodermic syringes are used with hypodermic needles to inject liquid or gases into body tissues, or to withdraw fluid or tissue from the body.
Note that injecting large amount of air into a blood vessel is dangerous, as it may cause an air embolism. Expelling air from the syringe is one of the reasons for the familiar image of holding a hypodermic syringe pointing upwards, tapping it, and expelling a small amount of air and liquid before proceeding to doing an injection into the bloodstream. However, the air bubble amounts are minuscule the procedure is mainly for ensuring accuracy of the drug dose administered.
The barrel and plunger of a syringe is either made from plastic or glass, usually has graduated marks indicating the volume of fluid in the syringe, and is nearly always transparent. Glass syringes have minimal to undetectable plunger resistance [1] and may be heat sterilized safely following proper cleaning procedures. However, most modern medical syringes are made from plastics with a rubber piston seal, which, although they have higher plunger resistance from friction between the piston rubber seal and the barrel, are cheap to manufacture and may thus be readily disposed of after a single use. This reduces the risk of spreading blood-borne diseases. Sharing of needles and syringes without proper intervening cleaning and sterilization has caused spread of HIV and hepatitis among intravenous drug users. Re-use of needles without intervening sterilization is however common by diabetics, which carries no risk of blood borne virus transmission as the needle and syringe is then used by only one person.[2]
Medical syringes are sometimes used without a needle for orally administering liquid medicines to young children or animals, or milk to small young animals, because the dose can be measured accurately, and it is easier to squirt the medicine into the subject's mouth instead of coaxing the subject to drink out of a measuring spoon.
Tip designs [edit]
Syringes come with a number of designs for the area in which the blade locks to the syringe body. Perhaps the most well known of these is the Luer lock, which simply twists the two together.
Bodies featuring a small, plain connection are known as slip tips and are useful for when the syringe is being connected to something not featuring a screw lock mechanism.
Similar to this is the catheter tip, which is essentially a slip tip but longer and tapered, making it good for pushing into things where there the plastic taper can form a tight seal. These can also be used for rinsing out wounds or large abscesses in veterinary use.
There is also an eccentric tip, where the nozzle at the end of the syringe is not in the centre of the syringe but at the side. This causes the blade attached to the syringe to lie almost in line with the walls of the syringe itself and they are used when the blade needs to get very close to parallel with the skin (when injecting into a surface vein or artery for example).
Standard U-100 insulin syringes [edit]
Syringes for insulin users are designed for standard U-100 insulin. The dilution of insulin is such that 1 ml of insulin fluid has 100 standard "units" of insulin.[3] Since insulin vials are typically 10 ml, each vial has 1000 units.
Insulin syringes are made specifically for self injections and share certain features:
- shorter needles,[4] as insulin injections are subcutaneous (under the skin) rather than deeper intramuscular,
- fine gauge needles,[4] for less pain, and
- markings in insulin units to simplify drawing a measured dose of insulin.[5]
|
U-100 Syringe Sizes and Markings |
|
|---|---|
| 1cc (1 ml) Syringe | |
| Holds maximum: | 100 units[6] |
| Numbered in: | 10 unit increments[6] |
| Smallest line measures 2 units:[7] | BD[6] ReliOn[8] Monoject[9] (all but 31 gauge needle) |
| Smallest line measures 1 unit: | Easy Touch[10] Precision Sure Dose[9] UltiCare[9] Monoject[9] (31 gauge needle only) |
| 1/2cc (0.5 ml) Syringe | |
| Holds maximum: | 50 units[11] |
| Numbered in: | 10 unit increments[11] |
| Smallest line measures 1 unit:[7] | BD[11] Precision Sure Dose[9] Ulti-Care[9][12] Easy Touch[13] ReliOn[8] Monoject[9] |
| 3/10cc (0.3 ml) Syringe | |
| Holds maximum: | 30 units[14] |
| Numbered in: | 5 unit increments[14] |
| Smallest line measures 1 unit:[7] | BD Micro Fine[9] BD Ultra Fine[9][14] (standard length only) Monoject[9] Easy Touch[15] UltiCare[9] |
| Half-unit scale 3/10cc (0.3 ml) Syringe [16] | |
| Holds maximum: | 30 units[14] |
| Numbered in: | 5 unit increments[14] |
| Smallest line measures 1/2 unit: | BD Ultra Fine II (short)[9][14] ReliOn[8][9] |
Multishot needle syringes [edit]
There are needle syringes designed to reload from a built-in tank (container) after each injection, so they can make several or many injections on a filling. These are not used much in human medicine because of the risk of cross-infection via the needle. An exception is the personal insulin autoinjector used by diabetic patients.
Venom extraction syringes [edit]
Venom extraction syringes are different from standard syringes, because they usually don't puncture the wound. The most common types have a plastic nozzle which is placed over the affected area, and then the syringe piston is pulled back, creating a vacuum that allegedly sucks out the venom. Attempts to treat snakebites in this way are specifically advised against, as they are ineffective and can cause additional injury.[citation needed]
Oral [edit]
An oral syringe is a measuring instrument used to accurately measure doses of liquid medicine which are expressed in millilitres (mL).
Oral syringes are available in various sizes, from 1-10 mL and larger. The sizes most commonly used are 1 mL, 2.5 mL and 5 mL.[17]
Dental syringes [edit]
 |
This section does not cite any references or sources. (August 2012) |
A dental syringe is a used by dentists for the injection of an anesthetic. It consists of a breech-loading syringe fitted with a sealed cartridge containing anesthetic solution.
The ancillary tool (generally part of a dental engine) used to supply water, compressed air or mist (formed by combination of water and compressed air) to the oral cavity for the purpose of irrigation (cleaning debris away from the area the dentist is working on), is also referred to as a dental syringe or a dental irrigation nozzle. A 3-way syringe / nozzle has separate internal channels supplying air, water or a mist created by combining the pressurized air with the waterflow. The syringe tip can be separated from the main body and replaced when necessary.
Governmental control of syringes [edit]
In some jurisdictions, the sale or possession of hypodermic syringes may be controlled or prohibited without a prescription,[18] due to its potential use with illegal intravenous drugs.[19]
References [edit]
- ^ "CAN J ANAESTH 1990/ 37:4/pp438-9 - Loss of resistance technique for locating the epidural space: evaluation of glass and plastic syringes". springer.com. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
- ^ "Pediatric Oncall-Insulin Delivery-Injection". Pediatriconcall.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ USA (2010-12-08). "Making the unit of insulin PubMed". Bull Hist Med 76 (2): 231–70. PMID 12060790.
- ^ a b "BD Diabetes-Insulin Syringe Needle Sizes". Bd.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "BD Diabetes-Syringe Capacity and Dose Size". Bd.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c "Close-up of BD 1cc Syringes-UltraFine-30 Gauge-1/2", UltraFine II Short-31 Gauge-5/16" & MicroFine-28 Gauge-1/2"". Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c "Diabetes Mellitus-Washington State University". Vetmed.wsu.edu. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c "ReliOn Insulin Syringe Markings". Relion.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Diabetes Health Syringe Listings" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Easy Touch Syringe demonstration-their syringes all measure in 1 unit increments". Easytouchsyringes.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c "Close-up of BD 1/2 cc Syringes--UltraFine-30 Gauge-1/2", UltraFine II Short-31 Gauge-5/16" & MicroFine-28 Gauge-1/2"". Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Ulti-Care U100 Syringes-Product Information". Ulti-care.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Easy Touch Syringes demonstration-all syringes with 1 unit increment markings". Easytouchsyringes.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c d e f "Close-up of BD 3/10 Syringes-UltraFine-30 Gauge-1/2", UltraFine II Short-31 Gauge-5/16", UltraFine Short-Half Unit Markings-31 Gauge-5/16" & MicroFine-28 Gauge-1/2"". Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Easy Touch Syringes-all products measure in 1 unit increment markings". Easytouchsyringes.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Comparison of 3/10 cc syringe marks--half unit and whole unit scale-BD". Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ How to use your oral syringe | NetDoctor
- ^ "Children With Diabetes-Prescription Needed or Not?". Childrenwithdiabetes.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Criminal Law and Syringe Disposal in Delaware". Retrieved 2012-04-03.
