TARBP2

Tar (HIV-1) RNA binding protein 2
PDB rendering based on 2cpn.
Available structures PDB 2CPN, 3ADL
Identifiers
Symbols	TARBP2; LOQS; TRBP; TRBP1; TRBP2
External IDs	OMIM: 605053 MGI: 103027 HomoloGene: 7562 GeneCards: TARBP2 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • double-stranded RNA binding • protein binding • siRNA binding • protein homodimerization activity Cellular component • intracellular • nucleus • cytoplasm • cytosol • RNA-induced silencing complex • perinuclear region of cytoplasm Biological process • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • regulation of translation • negative regulation of protein kinase activity • production of siRNA involved in RNA interference • targeting of mRNA for destruction involved in RNA interference • gene silencing by RNA • pre-microRNA processing • miRNA loading onto RISC involved in gene silencing by miRNA • positive regulation of viral genome replication • regulation of viral transcription • negative regulation of defense response to virus by host Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6895	21357
Ensembl	ENSG00000139546	ENSMUSG00000023051
UniProt	Q15633	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_004178.4	NM_009319.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_004169.3	NP_033345.2
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 53.89 – 53.9 Mb	Chr 15: 102.35 – 102.35 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

RISC-loading complex subunit TARBP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TARBP2 gene.

HIV-1, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), contains an RNA genome that produces a chromosomally integrated DNA during the replicative cycle. Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element (TAR) located downstream of the transcription initiation site. The protein encoded by this gene binds between the bulge and the loop of the HIV-1 TAR RNA regulatory element and activates HIV-1 gene expression in synergy with the viral Tat protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. This gene also has a pseudogene.

Interactions

TARBP2 has been shown to interact with Protein kinase R and RBM14.

Further reading

• Cosentino GP, Venkatesan S, Serluca FC, et al. (1995). "Double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase and TAR RNA-binding protein form homo- and heterodimers in vivo". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (21): 9445–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9445. PMC 40818. PMID 7568151. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=40818. 
• Kozak CA, Gatignol A, Graham K, et al. (1995). "Genetic mapping in human and mouse of the locus encoding TRBP, a protein that binds the TAR region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)". Genomics 25 (1): 66–72. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80110-8. PMID 7774957. 
• Gatignol A, Buckler C, Jeang KT (1993). "Relatedness of an RNA-binding motif in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR RNA-binding protein TRBP to human P1/dsI kinase and Drosophila staufen". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (4): 2193–202. PMC 359540. PMID 8455607. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=359540. 
• Gatignol A, Duarte M, Daviet L, et al. (1996). "Sequential steps in Tat trans-activation of HIV-1 mediated through cellular DNA, RNA, and protein binding factors". Gene Expr. 5 (4–5): 217–28. PMID 8723388. 
• Kasof GM, Goyal L, White E (1999). "Btf, a novel death-promoting transcriptional repressor that interacts with Bcl-2-related proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (6): 4390–404. PMC 104398. PMID 10330179. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=104398. 
• Daviet L, Erard M, Dorin D, et al. (2000). "Analysis of a binding difference between the two dsRNA-binding domains in TRBP reveals the modular function of a KR-helix motif". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (8): 2419–31. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01256.x. PMID 10759868. 
• Duarte M, Graham K, Daher A, et al. (2001). "Characterization of TRBP1 and TRBP2. Stable stem-loop structure at the 5' end of TRBP2 mRNA resembles HIV-1 TAR and is not found in its processed pseudogene". J. Biomed. Sci. 7 (6): 494–506. PMID 11060498. 
• Siffroi JP, Pawlak A, Alfonsi MF, et al. (2001). "Expression of the TAR RNA binding protein in human testis". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 7 (3): 219–25. doi:10.1093/molehr/7.3.219. PMID 11228241. 
• Daher A, Longuet M, Dorin D, et al. (2001). "Two dimerization domains in the trans-activation response RNA-binding protein (TRBP) individually reverse the protein kinase R inhibition of HIV-1 long terminal repeat expression". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (36): 33899–905. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103584200. PMID 11438532. 
• Iwasaki T, Chin WW, Ko L (2001). "Identification and characterization of RRM-containing coactivator activator (CoAA) as TRBP-interacting protein, and its splice variant as a coactivator modulator (CoAM)". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (36): 33375–83. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101517200. PMID 11443112. 
• Bannwarth S, Talakoub L, Letourneur F, et al. (2002). "Organization of the human tarbp2 gene reveals two promoters that are repressed in an astrocytic cell line". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (52): 48803–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104645200. PMID 11641396. 
• Xu YC, Wu RF, Gu Y, et al. (2002). "Involvement of TRAF4 in oxidative activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (31): 28051–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202665200. PMID 12023963. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Battisti PL, Daher A, Bannwarth S, et al. (2003). "Additive activity between the trans-activation response RNA-binding protein, TRBP2, and cyclin T1 on HIV type 1 expression and viral production in murine cells". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 19 (9): 767–78. doi:10.1089/088922203769232566. PMID 14585207. 
• Lee JY, Kim H, Ryu CH, et al. (2004). "Merlin, a tumor suppressor, interacts with transactivation-responsive RNA-binding protein and inhibits its oncogenic activity". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (29): 30265–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312083200. PMID 15123692. 
• Haase AD, Jaskiewicz L, Zhang H, et al. (2006). "TRBP, a regulator of cellular PKR and HIV-1 virus expression, interacts with Dicer and functions in RNA silencing". EMBO Rep. 6 (10): 961–7. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400509. PMC 1369185. PMID 16142218. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1369185. 
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. 
• Bannwarth S, Lainé S, Daher A, et al. (2006). "Cell-specific regulation of TRBP1 promoter by NF-Y transcription factor in lymphocytes and astrocytes". J. Mol. Biol. 355 (5): 898–910. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.026. PMID 16343534. 
• Christensen HS, Daher A, Soye KJ, et al. (2007). "Small interfering RNAs against the TAR RNA binding protein, TRBP, a Dicer cofactor, inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat expression and viral production". J. Virol. 81 (10): 5121–31. doi:10.1128/JVI.01511-06. PMC 1900231. PMID 17360756. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1900231.