TARP (gene)

TCR gamma alternate reading frame protein
Identifiers
Symbols	TARP; CD3G; TCRG; TCRGC1; TCRGC2
External IDs	OMIM: 609642 HomoloGene: 82822 GeneCards: TARP Gene
Gene Ontology Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	445347	107575
Ensembl	ENSG00000211689	n/a
UniProt	Q0VGM3	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001003799.1	NM_001081305
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001003799.1	NP_001074774
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 38.3 – 38.31 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

TCR gamma alternate reading frame protein, also known as TARP, is a human gene.

In some non-lymphoid tissues, the unrearranged T cell receptor gamma (TRG@) locus is expressed. The resulting transcript contains a subset of the TRG@ gene segments and is shorter than TRG@ transcripts expressed in lymphoid tissues. This RefSeq record represents the unrearranged TRG@ locus transcript; the complete TRG@ locus is represented by the genomic RefSeq NG_001336. The transcript represented by this RefSeq has two open reading frames (ORFs) that encode different proteins. The downstream ORF is in the same frame as TRG@ and its protein product is similar to TRG@ proteins. The upstream ORF uses a different reading frame and encodes a novel protein.

Further reading

• Yoshikai Y, Toyonaga B, Koga Y, et al. (1987). "Repertoire of the human T cell gamma genes: high frequency of nonfunctional transcripts in thymus and mature T cells". Eur. J. Immunol. 17 (1): 119–26. doi:10.1002/eji.1830170120. PMID 2949984. 
• Krangel MS, Band H, Hata S, et al. (1987). "Structurally divergent human T cell receptor gamma proteins encoded by distinct C gamma genes". Science 237 (4810): 64–7. doi:10.1126/science.2955517. PMID 2955517. 
• Tighe L, Forster A, Clark DM, et al. (1988). "Unusual forms of T cell gamma mRNA in a human T cell leukemia cell line: implications for gamma gene expression". Eur. J. Immunol. 17 (12): 1729–36. doi:10.1002/eji.1830171208. PMID 2961573. 
• Littman DR, Newton M, Crommie D, et al. (1987). "Characterization of an expressed CD3-associated Ti gamma-chain reveals C gamma domain polymorphism". Nature 326 (6108): 85–8. doi:10.1038/326085a0. PMID 3102973. 
• Pelicci PG, Subar M, Weiss A, et al. (1987). "Molecular diversity of the human T-gamma constant region genes". Science 237 (4818): 1051–5. doi:10.1126/science.3112943. PMID 3112943. 
• Essand M, Vasmatzis G, Brinkmann U, et al. (1999). "High expression of a specific T-cell receptor gamma transcript in epithelial cells of the prostate". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (16): 9287–92. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9287. PMC 17772. PMID 10430935. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=17772. 
• Wolfgang CD, Essand M, Vincent JJ, et al. (2000). "TARP: a nuclear protein expressed in prostate and breast cancer cells derived from an alternate reading frame of the T cell receptor gamma chain locus". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (17): 9437–42. doi:10.1073/pnas.160270597. PMC 16882. PMID 10931945. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=16882. 
• Wolfgang CD, Essand M, Lee B, Pastan I (2001). "T-cell receptor gamma chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) expression in prostate cancer cells leads to an increased growth rate and induction of caveolins and amphiregulin". Cancer Res. 61 (22): 8122–6. PMID 11719440. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Cheng WS, Giandomenico V, Pastan I, Essand M (2003). "Characterization of the androgen-regulated prostate-specific T cell receptor gamma-chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) promoter". Endocrinology 144 (8): 3433–40. doi:10.1210/en.2003-0121. PMID 12865322. 
• Maeda H, Nagata S, Wolfgang CD, et al. (2004). "The T cell receptor gamma chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP), a prostate-specific protein localized in mitochondria". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (23): 24561–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M402492200. PMID 15150260.