Tabasaran language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Tabasaran | ||
|---|---|---|
| табасаран чIал tabasaran ĉ̣al | ||
| Spoken in | Russia | |
| Region | Southern Dagestan | |
| Total speakers | 128,900 (2002)[1] | |
| Language family | Northeast Caucasian
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 | None | |
| ISO 639-2 | cau | |
| ISO 639-3 | tab | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of six in the Dagestan Republic.
Tabasaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the noun in number, person and (in North Tabasaran) class. North Tabasaran has two noun classes, while Southern Tabasaran has none (i.e. one fewer than North Tabasaran).
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[edit] Geographical distribution
It is spoken in the basin of Upper Rubas-chai and Upper Chirakh-chai.
[edit] Phonology
[edit] Vowels
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This section requires expansion. |
[edit] Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Epi- glottal |
Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lenis | fortis | |||||||||||||||
| lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||||||
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɢ | |||||||||||
| voiceless | p | pː | t | tː | k | kː | q | qː | ʔ | |||||||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ||||||||||||
| Affricate | voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | d͡ʒʷ | ||||||||||||
| voiceless | t͡s | t͡sː | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃː | t͡ʃʷ | t͡ʃːʷ | ||||||||||
| ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡ʃʼ | t͡ʃʷʼ | |||||||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | fː | s | sː | ʃ | ʃː | ʃʷ | ʃːʷ | x | xː | ʜ | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ʒʷ | ɣ | ʢ | ɦ | |||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||
- Note that the source names the epiglottal series ″pharyngeal″ indiscriminately in all the tables, also when it includes a plosive and thus clearly isn´t a true pharyngeal.
[edit] Writing system
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This list may be better in a table format. Please help improve this list, prune it, or discuss it on the talk page. This article has been tagged since January 2010. |
Tabasaran is written using the Cyrillic alphabet.
| Letter | IPA |
|---|---|
| А а | /ɑ/ |
| Аь аь | /æ/ |
| Б б | /b/ |
| В в | /v/ |
| Г г | /ɡ/ |
| Гг гг | /ɣ/ |
| Гъ гъ | /ʕ/ |
| Гь гь | /h/ |
| Д д | /d/ |
| Е е | /ɛ/, /jɛ/ |
| Ё ё | /jo/ |
| Ж ж | /ʒ/, /dʒ/ |
| Жв жв | /ʒʷ/ |
| З з | /z/, /dz/ |
| И и | /i/ |
| Й й | /j/ |
| К к | /kʰ/ |
| Кк кк | /kː/ |
| Къ къ | /qːʰ/ |
| Кь кь | /qʼ/ |
| КӀ кӀ | /kʼ/ |
| Л л | /l/ |
| М м | /m/ |
| Н н | /n/ |
| О о | /o/ |
| П п | /pʰ/ |
| ПП пп | /pː/ |
| ПӀ пӀ | /pʼ/ |
| Р р | /r/ |
| С с | /s/ |
| Т т | /tʰ/ |
| Тт тт | /tː/ |
| ТӀ тӀ | /tʼ/ |
| У у | /u/ |
| Уь уь | /y/ |
| Ф ф | /f/ |
| Х х | /ɦ/ |
| Хъ хъ | /qʰ/ |
| Хь хь | /x/ |
| Ц ц | /tsʰ/ |
| Цц цц | /tsːʰ/ |
| ЦӀ цӀ | /tsʼ/ |
| Ч ч | /tʃʰ/ |
| Чв чв | /tʃʷʰ/ |
| Чч чч | /tʃːʰ/ |
| ЧӀ чӀ | /tʃʼ/ |
| Ш ш | /ʃ/ |
| Шв шв | /ʃʷ/ |
| Щ щ | /ɕ/ |
| Ъ ъ | /ʔ/ |
| Ы ы | /ɨ/ |
| Ь ь | |
| Э э | /ɛ/ |
| Ю ю | /y/, /ju/ |
| Я я | /æ/, /jɑ/ |
Note: The letters indicated in red are encountered only in loanwords from Russian.
[edit] Grammar
Tabasaran is very probably[clarification needed] an active language of the fluid-S type.
[edit] Sample
Uwu aldakurawu "Уву алдакураву" — "You are falling."
Uzuz uwu kkunduzuz "Узуз уву ккундузуз" — "I love you."
Uwu fudžuwa? "Уву фужува?" — "Who are you?"
Fici wuna? "Фици вуна?" — "How are you?"
Zakur ɣürza "Закур гъюрза" — "I'll come tomorrow"
[edit] References
- ^ Ethnologue report for Tabasaran
- ^ Consonant Systems of the North-East Caucasian Languages on TITUS DIDACTICA
- Chanmagomedov, B.G.-K. & K.T. Šalbuzov, Tabasaransko-russkij slovar’, Moskva: Ilim, 2001, ISBN 5-02-022620-3 [Includes outline of Tabasaran grammar (Grammatičeskij očerk tabasaranskogo jazyka) by K.K. Kurbanov (p. 395-476)]
[edit] External links
- Entry in the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
- Sample text
- Description at Languages of the World
- Entry at the Rosetta Project
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