Tabernaemontana
| Tabernaemontana | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Crape Jasmine, Tabernaemontana coronaria | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Subfamily: | Rauvolfioideae |
| Genus: | Tabernaemontana |
| Species | |
|
About 100-110, see text |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Ervatamia |
|
Tabernaemontana is a genus of 100-110 species of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. It has a pan-tropical distribution. These plants are shrubs and small trees growing to 1-15 m tall. The leaves are evergreen, opposite, 3-25 cm long, with milky sap; hence it is one of the diverse plant genera commonly called "milkwood". The flowers are fragrant, white, 1-5 cm in diameter.
The cultivar T. divaricata cv. 'Plena', with doubled-petaled flowers, is a popular houseplant. Crape Jasmine (T. coronaria) is also popular as an ornamental plant.
Some members of the genus Tabernaemontana are used as additives to some versions of the psychedelic drink Ayahuasca[1]; the genus is known to contain ibogaine (e.g. in Bëcchëte, T. undulata) conolidine[2] and voacangine (namely in T. africana). T. sananho preparations are used in native medicine to treat eye injuries and as an anxiolytic, and T. heterophylla is used to treat dementia in the elderly[3]. Conolidine may be developed as a new class of pain-killer.[4] Caterpillars of the Oleander Hawk-moth (Daphnis nerii) have been found to feed on Pinwheel Flower (T. divaricata).
[edit] Selected species
- Tabernaemontana africana. Africa.
- Tabernaemontana alba – White Milkwood. Central America.
- Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia. Southern Mexico, Central America, northern South America.
- Tabernaemontana antheonycta
- Tabernaemontana apoda
- Tabernaemontana bovina. Southern China to Thailand.
- Tabernaemontana bufalina. Southern China to Thailand.
- Tabernaemontana calcarea. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana capuronii. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana catharinensis. Southern South America.
- Tabernaemontana cerifera New Caledonia.
- Tabernaemontana ciliata. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana citrifolia – Common Milkwood. Caribbean.
- Tabernaemontana coffeoides. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana cordata
- Tabernaemontana coronaria – Crape Jasmine syn. Tabernaemontana divaricata
- Tabernaemontana corymbosa
- Tabernaemontana crassa. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana crassifolia. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana cumata
- Tabernaemontana cymosa. Western South America.
- Tabernaemontana debrayi. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana_divaricata – Pinwheel Flower, Nero's Crown. Northern India to Thailand.
- Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf – Toad Tree. South Africa north to Somalia.
- Tabernaemontana eusepala. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana eusepaloides. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana fuchsiaefolia A.DC.
- Tabernaemontana gamblei
- Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl
- Tabernaemontana heyneana
- Tabernaemontana humblotii. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana longipes
- Tabernaemontana mocquerysii. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana muricata
- Tabernaemontana ochroleuca
- Tabernaemontana oppositifolia
- Tabernaemontana orientalis R.Br.
- Tabernaemontana ovalifolia
- Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf Tropical East Africa.
- Tabernaemontana pandacaqui – Banana Bush. Southeast Asia, Australasia, western Pacific Ocean islands.
- Tabernaemontana panamensis
- Tabernaemontana phymata. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana persicariaefolia
- Tabernaemontana polyneura
- Tabernaemontana remota
- Tabernaemontana retusa. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana rostrata. Southeast Asia.
- Tabernaemontana sambiranensis. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav.. Northern South America.
- Tabernaemontana sessilifolia. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana siphilitica. Northern South America.
- Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten Tropical East Africa.
- Tabernaemontana stellata. Madagascar.
- Tabernaemontana stenosiphon
- Tabernaemontana thurstonii
- Tabernaemontana undulata – Bëcchëte
- Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A.DC. – Forest Toad Tree. Cameroon, South Africa.
- Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii
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Ornamental Pinwheel Flower (T. divaricata) cv. 'Plena'
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Habitus of T. divaricata
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...Tabernaemontana pandacaqui (Banana Bush) bear their common names in reference to their peculiar fruit.
[edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Ott (1995)
- ^ Kam T.S., Pang H.S., Choo Y.M., Komiyama K. ,"Biologically active ibogan and vallesamine derivatives from Tabernaemontana divaricata."Chemistry & biodiversity 2004 1:4 (646-656)
- ^ Rodrigues & Carlini (2006)
- ^ http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2011/05/23/3224191.htm
[edit] References
- Ott, Jonathan (1995): In: Ayahuasca Analogues: Pangaean Entheogens.
- Rodrigues, Eliana & Carlini, E.A. (2006): Plants with possible psychoactive effects used by the Krahô Indians, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 28(4): 277-282. PDF fulltext
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