Taiwanese Romanization System

Taiwanese Romanization System
Traditional Chinese	臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案
Simplified Chinese	台湾闽南语罗马字拼音方案
Transcriptions Hakka - Romanization Thòi-vàn Men-nàm-ngî Lò-mâ-sṳ Piang-yîm Fông-on Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn - Tongyong Pinyin Táiwan Mǐnnán-yǔ Luómǎzìh Pinyin Fang-àn - Wade–Giles T'ai²-wan¹ Min³-nan²-yü³ Lo²-ma³-tzû⁴ P'in¹-in¹ Fang¹-an⁴ - Gwoyeu Romatzyh Tair'uan Miinnanyeu Luomaazyh Pin'in Fang'ann - MPS2 Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn - Bopomofo ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ Min - Hokkien POJ Tâi-ôan Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn - Taiwanese Romanization Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Tâi-lô
Traditional Chinese	臺羅拼音
Simplified Chinese	台罗拼音
Transcriptions Hakka - Romanization Thòi-lò Piang-yîm Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Táiluó Pīnyīn - Tongyong Pinyin Táiluó Pinyin - Wade–Giles T'ai²-lo² P'in¹-in¹ - Gwoyeu Romatzyh Tairluo Pin'in - MPS2 Táiluó Pinyin - Bopomofo ㄊㄞˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ Min - Hokkien POJ Tâi-lô Pheng-im - Taiwanese Romanization Tâi-lô Phing-im

Chinese romanization
Mandarin
Standard Chinese Hanyu Pinyin (ISO standard) EFEO Gwoyeu Romatzyh Spelling conventions Latinxua Sin Wenz Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II Chinese Postal Map Romanization Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles Yale Legge romanization Simplified Wade Comparison chart Sichuanese Mandarin Sichuanese Pinyin Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz
Yue
Cantonese Guangdong Romanization Hong Kong Government Jyutping Meyer-Wempe Sidney Lau S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols) S. L. Wong (romanisation) Cantonese Pinyin Standard Romanization Yale Barnett–Chao
Wu
Shanghai and Suzhou dialects Long-short Wenzhounese Wenzhounese romanisation
Min Nan
Taiwanese, Amoy, and related Pe̍h-ōe-jī Bbínpīn Hōngàn Daighi tongiong pingim Modern Literal Taiwanese Phofsit Daibuun Tâi-lô TLPA Hainanese Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an Teochew Peng'im
Min Dong
Fuzhou dialect Foochow Romanized
Hakka
Moiyan dialect Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an Hagfa Pinyim Siyen dialect Pha̍k-fa-sṳ TLPA
Gan
Nanchang dialect Pha̍k-oa-chhi
See also:
General Chinese Cyrillization Transcription into Chinese Xiao'erjing 'Phags-pa script Bopomofo Taiwanese kana Mongolian transliteration of Chinese characters Manchu transliteration of Chinese characters Romanization in Hong Kong Romanisation in Singapore Romanization in Taiwan

The Taiwanese Romanization System (TL, Chinese: 台灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan Lô-má-jī Peng-im Hong-àn; often referred to as Tâi-lô) is a transcription system for Taiwanese Hokkien. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. In is nearly identical to TLPA apart from using ts tsh j instead of c ch j for the fricatives /ts tsʰ dz/.

Alphabet

Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letterss (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent tones.

Capital letter	A	B	E	G	H	I	J	K	Kh	L	M	N	Ng		O	Oo	P	Ph	S	T	Th	Ts	Tsh	U
Lower case	a	b	e	g	h	i	j	k	kh	l	m	n	ng	nn	o	oo	p	ph	s	t	th	ts	tsh	u

• "nn" is only used after a vowel to express nasalization, yet has no capital letter.
• Palatalization occurs when "J, S, Ts, Tsh" followed by "i", so "Ji, Si, Tsi, Tshi" sometimes governed as trigraphs and hexagraph.
• Of the 10 unused basic Latin letters, "R" is sometimes used to express dialectal vowels, while the others (C, D, F, Q, V, W, X, Y, Z) are only used in loanwords.

Values

Consonants

Initials

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Alveolo-palatal		Velar		Glottal
		Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless
Nasal			m [m] ㄇ 毛(moo)		n [n] ㄋ 耐(nāi)				ng [ŋ] ㄫ 雅(ngá)
Plosive	Unaspirated	p [p] ㄅ 邊(pian)	b [b] ㆠ 文(bûn)	t [t] ㄉ 地(tē)				k [k] ㄍ 求(kiû)	g [g] ㆣ 語(gí)
	Aspirated	ph [pʰ] ㄆ 波(pho)		th [tʰ] ㄊ 他(thann)				kh [kʰ] ㄎ 去(khì)
Affricate	Unaspirated			ts [ts] ㄗ 曾(tsan)	j [dz] ㆡ 熱(jua̍h)	tsi [tɕ] ㄐ 尖(tsiam)	ji [dʑ] ㆢ 入(ji̍p)
	Aspirated			tsh [tsʰ] ㄘ 出(tshut)		tshi [tɕʰ] ㄑ 手(tshiú)
Fricative				s [s] ㄙ 衫(sann)		si [ɕ] ㄒ 寫(siá)				h [h] ㄏ 喜(hí)
Lateral					l [l] ㄌ 柳(liú)

Finals Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal Nasal consonant -m [m] ㆬ -n [n] ㄣ -ng [ŋ] ㆭ Stop consonant -p [p̚] ㆴ -t [t̚] ㆵ -k [k̚] ㆶ -h [ʔ] ㆷ

Syllabic consonant Bilabial Velar Nasal m [m̩] ㆬ 姆(ḿ) ng [ŋ̍] ㆭ 酸(sng)

Vowels & Rhymes

Simple & Nasal Front Central Back Simple Nasal Simple Simple Nasal Close i [i] ㄧ 衣(i) inn [ĩ] ㆪ 圓(înn) u [u] ㄨ 污(u) unn [ũ] ㆫ 張(tiunn) Mid e [e] ㆤ 禮(lé) enn [ẽ] ㆥ 生(senn) o[ə] ㄜ 高(ko) oo [ɔ] ㆦ 烏(oo) onn [ɔ̃] ㆧ 翁(onn) Open a [a] ㄚ 查(tsa) ann [ã] ㆩ 衫(sann)

Dialect Tâi-lô IPA Bopomofo ir [ɨ] ㆨ er [ə] ㄜ ee [ɛ] ㄝ ere [əe]

• o pronounced [ə] ㄜ in general dialect in Kaohsiung and Tainan, [o] ㄛ in Taipei.
• -nn forms the nasal vowels
• There is also syllabic m and ng.

Vowel(s) Open syllabus Nasal Plosive [m] [n] [ŋ] [p̚] [t̚] [k̚] [ʔ] [a] a ann am an ang ap at ak ah annh [ai] ai ainn aih ainnh [au] au auh [e] e enn eh ennh [i] i inn im in ing ip it ik ih innh [ia] ia iann iam ian iang iap iat iak iah iannh [iau] iau iaunn iauh [iə] io ioh [iɔ] iong iok [iu] iu iunn iuh iunnh

Vowel(s) Open syllabus Nasal Plosive [m] [n] [ŋ] [p̚] [t̚] [k̚] [ʔ] [ə] o oh [ɔ] oo onn om ong op ok ooh onnh [u] u un ut uh [ua] ua uann uan uat uah [uai] uai uainn [ue] ue ueh [ui] ui [m̩] m － mh [ŋ̍] ng － ngh

• ing actually pronounced [ɪəŋ], ik actually pronounced [ɪək̚].

Tones

	Tâi-lô	IPA		Tâi-lô	IPA
陰平	tong	tɔ́ŋ	陽平	tông	tɔ̌ŋ
上	tóng	tɔ̂ŋ
陰去	tòng	tɔ̀ŋ	陽去	tōng	tɔ̄ŋ
陰入	tok	tɔ̀k	陽入	to̍k	tɔ́k

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

External links

• 臺灣閩南語羅馬拼音及其發音學習網, Taiwanese Romanization System (Tai-lo) learning site by Ministry of Education, Taiwan