Talk:Hormone

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Discussion

Nice section. I am expanding and making a couple of tweaks. Current medical usage of growth hormone is not "human growth hormone/HGH", but I put an explanatory note in the growth hormone article. I moved the Orexin reference from "see also" (why not all the other hormones) to the list of hormones. alteripse 10 apr 04

is the definition a bit loose or is it just me? as is it would include neurotransmitter and all the autacoids! is that correct? Erich 08:34, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

There is a grey area between hormones and neurotransmitters. Think adrenalin. Think about all those peptide hormones that affect neurotransmission. Also, many are paracrine mediators th--116.49.10.39 (talk) 03:04, 15 August 2010 (UTC)at hardly fit in the hormone concept (eicosanoids are degraded before they can exert influence on other organs). This page should probably be phrased rather broadly. Perhaps we could introduce a section that delineates "true hormones" from chemo-, lympho- and cytokines, interleukins, prostanoids and other locally active mediators (although interleukins and cytokines have systemic effects). JFW | T@lk 10:24, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Gedday JFW, trust me, I know adrenaline. I understand the overlap, but I didn't think that all the neurotransmitters are hormones. The current definition (ie A hormone (from Greek horman - "to set in motion") is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another.) would include ACh and glutamate and every other neurotransmitter and autacoid as hormones. but it's not my area... Erich 11:21, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Ah, the Gasboy has finally changed his signature back from e.

Of course you know adrenaline... or do you rather use ephedrine when an oldtimer remains bradycardic and hypotensive despite atropine...

I suggest we ask Alter ipse amicus for his opinion. JFW | T@lk 11:39, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

A formal distinction would be whether the neurotransmitters signal any farther than the distance of the synapse, in which case few would classify them as hormones. For research purposes, there are hundreds of chemical signals that are technically hormones. Every organ in the body is an endocrine organ, making hormones (brain, heart, lungs, skin, fat, intestines, etc). You can review the program of the upcoming Endocrine Society meetings and see a wide range of interests [1]. On the other hand, clinical endocrinologists restrict their attentions to the "classic" hormone systems of growth puberty, sex, fuel metabolism, wt regulation, calcium balance, etc. AlteripseAlteripse 23:40, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

so... the current definition is too broad??? Erich 23:24, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Cytokines and all those things certainly fit any definition of hormone I can think of. However, I would argue that neurotransmitters can be described as a "local" enough signal that few people would call them hormones. Alteripse 23:40, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

yes the hh:mm, dd mmm yyyy tending to drown out 'e' which i'm otherwise fond of... back to 'Erich' for a while. Oddly Jiang's sig has appeal... well pacing sounds like the go in that situation if you've given maximal atropine. I guess you could give some adrenaline as well. vasoconstrictors tend slow the heart, but they are good in anaesthesia because the anaesthetics drop bp mainly by vasodilation. ephedrine is popular, and i've often got an ampule in my pocket. metaraminol is a potent vacoconstritor and does the job but phenylephrine is gaining in popularity. anyway I digress... yes i think alteripse will know all! Erich 12:51, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

If I may add my two cents worth, I'd say that "some compounds released from cells" can be a hormone and a neurotransmitter, or both. I don't think there is much gray area between hormones and neurotransmitters. It's the role played by the compound that is relevant. When it is transmitting signals between neurons, it's a neurotransmitter. When it is carrying out signals from an endocrine gland (which can be any tissues these days) along the bloodstream to it's specific target tissues where the receptor is expressed, it's a hormone. Some compounds, like the catecholamines, are capable of both, but don't expect them to do both jobs at the same time at the same locale.

The gray area, IMHO, lies with cytokines, which usually act locally (autocrine / paracrine) and don't ride with the blood to their targets. I see cytokines as a unique set of hormones with immune- and/or growth-related paracrine actions to multiple target cell types all expressing the receptors ....

PFHLai 13:49, 2004 May 20 (UTC)

There should be a section that discusses how steroid hormones activate prossess in target cells and how they differ from other hormones. C. Nelson

You are right, we have a steroid article but it doesn't treat steroid receptors and how they work in the nucleus to affect DNA transcription. Someday, when I get a round tuit... But anyone is welcome to jump in and do it. alteripse 01:37, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

References

This article needs one or more references to cover the content--FloNight 23:24, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

How Hormones Work

I'm wondering just how exactly hormones work, this lists what they do, but not how they do it, say a hormone passes by some cells, how does it make/stimulate them to grow, or do whatever it wants them to?

There wasnt much was there? Is the new paragraph better? alteripse 04:26, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

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I don't have this information in a Wikipedia friendly format (style & references) but would like to take a stab at answering your question. This information is written in more technical terms on the main page -- I am hoping that the following explanation is easier to follow.

Hormones are chemical substances that while being released in relatively small amounts, travel through the blood stream and cause significant effects. The two major functional categories of hormones are water soluble (amino acid based) and water insoluble (steroids & sterols + thyroxine).

The water soluble hormones will only influence cells that have a receptor protein for that hormone on the surface of their plasma membrane (cell membrane). The receptor is often functionally the first component of a second messenger system which causes a cascade of effects that amplify the signal and ultimately cause many enzymes to be phosphorylated and have their function toggled (on --> off, or off --> on). Paracrines, autocrines, & neurotransmitters can also use second messenger systems but their targets cells are generally very close to the location of where they were released (on the order of millimeters to a maximum of a few centimeters) as they are not released into the blood stream.

Steroid hormones have a very different mechanism of action. They are released from the endocrine gland (adrenal cortex or gonad) and are bound onto a carrier protein that will shuttle hydrophobic substances through the circulatory system. Some steroid hormones have a specific carrier and others use albumin. The lipid soluble steroid hormone can easily dissociate (jump off the carrier protein) and cross the plasma membrane of potential target cells. The steroid hormone will only have an effect if the cell has a receptor in the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm that the steroid can bind onto. If there is a receptor to bind the steroid hormone, the hormone-receptor complex will diffuse into the nucleus and bind onto regions of DNA, altering gene expression.

Summary:

• water soluble hormones bind onto a receptor on the surface of the cell and then alter the activity of proteins via a second messenger system.
• steroid hormones (& thyroxine) bind an intracellular receptor and control the rate of manufacture of proteins at the DNA level.

I hope that helps. If anyone finds the above useful and knows how to convert it into an acceptible format for Wikipedia... ...feel free. Otherwise, I'll try to remember to come back and do it sometime. Dbrouse 23:40, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

removal of estrone and estriol

I am curious about the removal of my additions (estrone & estriol) to the list of estrogens by Maork. Is there a good reason these should not be listed? Dbrouse 20:07, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

I moved the comment to bottom, where we usually put newer comments and added a heading, as is usual when introducing a new topic. To answer your question, I dont know. I might guess that Maork removed them because they are basically derivatives or less important as human hormones than estradiol, but not really sure. Unfortunately the addition and removal were quickly buried under the vandalism and reversion. I would suggest you could either wait a couple of days and see if Maork responds, replace them in the list and start a conversation if he removes them again without explanation, or put the question on his talk page if he doesnt answer here in a day or two. alteripse 22:06, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

Thank you for the response. I am relatively new to editing in Wikipedia and so I am trying to "learn the ropes." Your personalized response helps remind me that the effort is worth it. Thank you, also, to whoever organinzed this discussion. Dbrouse 23:14, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

After waiting for several months with no response to my question about the deletion, I have added those hormones back. As estriol is necessary for a successful pregnancy, I consider it important and so it should be on the list of Important Human Hormones. Dbrouse

Anger Hormones

Do they exist? Thanks. UlisesRey 17:48, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Testosterone has been linked to agressivity. Don't know of any "anger" hormones per se. Horia 19:48, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Hormone Hierarchy Image

This illustration is easy to understand and provides some useful information. I like the general format and style of this image. However, I have some concerns about this illustration: 1) The function of the hormone should probably be included in the illustration. 2) The meaning of the green arrows could be made more clear. In some cases the green arrows are representing control by the nervous system, other times a single arrow represents many controlling hormones, and other times it represents the hormone listed. 3)The target organs listed for thyroxine are simplified to just the liver and muscles. Thyroxine is thought to target all nucleated cells with important function in the heart (influences heart rate) and developing nervous system. Individuals who are deficient in thyroxine in early life develop cretinism. 4) The target organs of vasopressin and oxytocin appear to be reversed. 5) The targets listed for the "sex hormones" testosterone, progesterone, and beta-estradiol are too limited. Although these steroid hormones are considered reproductive hormones, and therefore certainly target the reproductive system, most nucleated cells are targeted by these hormones. 6) I am unsure why the adrenal medulla has been added to this image. The image does not appear to attempt to illustrate all hormones - it's emphasis seems to be just the hypothalamus, pituitary, target organ axis which has a natural hierachy. Why add the adrenal medulla, which is not part of this axis? 7) The endocrine function of the pancreas is NOT primarily regulated by somatotrophin. Insulin and glucagon release is initiated by humoral glucose concentration NOT hormonal stimuli.

It would be nice if images were easy to edit. If so, I would be happy to make these corrections rather than write this note.

Dbrouse 20:24, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for drawing attention. I moved the diagram here reluctantly. Someone put a lot of work into it, and it may be salvageable with changes, but there are too many errors to leave it as is. Many of the errors are oversimplifications, since the reality is that most of the hormones affect most of the organ systems of the body, but even the ones that are chosen are sometimes not the primary ones. For example, somatropin (GH) is the most egregious outright error (I suspect the maker meant somatostatin or mixed the two up), as there is no mention of either IGF generation at the liver nor direct effect on skeletal growth, both far better known and more important. The biggest problem is that a top-down "hierarchical" model is so outdated as to be almost quaint-- this is your grandfather's endocrine system, circa 1950. As is illustrated by upside down maps of the world to give fresh perspective, the choice of brain to peripheral organ, like a corporate organization chart, is simply arbitrary and this diagram omits all the hormones that feed back from the periphery to the brain (leptin, inhibin, cytokines, catecholamines etc). From an evolutionary standpoint as well, a chart like this is especially misleading, as even partial "control" by brain is a later developmental characteristic than more diffuse inter-organ signalling. I hate to waste this much work. Anybody have suggestions on how to salvage it? alteripse 08:40, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

I'll never trust my biohemistry textbook again!! I knew this diagram was an over simplification thats why I also wrote elsewhere in the article "However, the hierarchical model is an over simplification of the hormonal signaling process. Typically cellular recipients of a particular hormonal signal may be one of several cell types that reside within a number of different tissues". With regard to the somatropin error or any others I can only apologise on behalf of my textbook, published in 1990, maybe its authors were stuck in the 1950s. I'll certainly be willing to supply my original powerpoint file to anyone who has the necessary expertise and time to improve this diagram. K.murphy 15:02, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

I think we're dealing with a difficult topic here. I think to illustrate the ideas there should be one hormone axis' structure. I suggest the HPThyroid axis as it is least interrupted by other hormones and has trophic hormones which don't share cells with other trophic hormones (like acth or the gonadotrophes... okay another 5am night.. bed time..Markjohndaley 19:02, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Non-hierarchical hormones

aren't some hormones secreted independently? Hormona paratiroidea seems like an example of this. Perhaps this should be mentioned.88.19.43.43 14:23, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

You are right, and I will change section. PS, around here we call it PTH. alteripse 15:49, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating

This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:27, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

history of

I would like to know more about how humanity has discovered hormones. When did we figure out they existed and that they mattered? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.156.67.70 (talk) 02:48, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Orexin

Minor point but orexin is not a hunger hormone, nor is PYY which is a satiety hormone. Only Ghrelin is a 'hunger hormone'. Satiety hormones include pyy, glp-1 and cck. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.31.105.78 (talk) 15:37, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

Missing Hormone?

I've heard there is a hormone that slows down time in the perception of a human, by increasing the rate at which senses are processed(Or something similar). Could someone lead me to this? Silverfireshadow (talk) 23:30, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

--69.148.201.1 (talk) 18:26, 9 September 2008 (UTC)Bold text

Types of hormones

The chemical classese of hormone described on this page are at odds with the textbook definitions of the classes of hormones. They are normally decribed as being 1) Tyrosine derived, 2) Protein and peptide hormones and 3) Steroid hormones. Is there a reason for the different three classes described in the article? If not, they should be altered to the ones I have just listed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.173.6.74 (talk) 22:09, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

New Page for "Important human hormones"

I think the "Important human hormones" section is just a list and should be moved to its own page. Temporal User (Talk) 05:56, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Agreed. I'll move it. Fuzzform (talk) 19:53, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

how long does a woman have to take hormones?

if a woman has never had a hysteretomy and had never had any female trouble, how old does she have to be to stop taking hormone replacement? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.120.162.120 (talk) 22:33, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Animal hormones that do NOT travel through the bloodstream?

This article says "Hormones in animals are often transported in the blood." My understanding is that hormones travel through the bloodstream by definition. Are there examples of hormones that do not travel through the bloodstream?

Thanks... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.38.231.2 (talk) 22:23, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

their

here —Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.154.28.202 (talk) 10:47, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

Human Convertible Hormones Glandular effect baby gender born and longer or short their life between female and male

  Human evolution was brain development with quantity expanded from thousand and ten thousand years ago. Accordance with brain development, human and future generations not only were changed intelligent, tall and big with brilliant or pretty, but also baby gender was selected by parents mind. This was human evolution where is including well distributed of responsive and intelligent, strength and future generation gender balance in natural selection towards.            

Under five cases effect on babies gender and shorter or longer human life: First case; From historical a lot of wars discover , First World War in 1914—1918, Second in 1939—1945 and Civil war of China in 1946 — 1949 and so on, we could always find a great deal of boys have born within three or five years, more rate than girls do compared with normal year. Because as the young female of fitting marriage is more than the male within a society group or country, after marriage their baby shall bear more baby than girls in first baby. Opposite circumstance, as the young male of fitting marriage is more than the female, more girls shall be born by these couples. Such as, “ Sin-Kiang Production and Construction Army Group” in China, in the army group where was record that the male population was over 300 percentage with the female’s from 1952 to 1957. The gender balance rate of the Army Group had been reached 103 : 100 of male : female in 1983 gradually. As two genders of fitting marriage unbalance in a society or group, the quantity difference of gender is power of balance gender. Because the one of the couple or male & female into warmly or actively pursuit action and their mind will be to determine key for baby gender either in love periods and sexual intercourse after. Such as, young man show warmly or actively pursuit in action and himself mind for young woman in the periods. Should they are going to marry, first baby shall be female.

It is called simply: “male pursued female birth a female; female pursued male birth a male. “ Why they need to pursue? Because opposite one is the best and less, she could born to seem him or her baby after marriage. This is elementary natural selection and power of gender balance.

Secondary case; a, If a male RQ / IQ quantity is higher than the female between the couple, his wife will often bear to girl in the time of draining ovum. The condition is at will or impromptu only as their sexual intercourse. b, If a female RQ / IQ quantity is higher than the male between the couple, she will often bear boy in the time of draining ovum. The condition is same above.

A lot of babies gender formed, as a general rule, they could be determined by the RO / IQ level of their parents, as long as the sexual intercourse is at will and in time of draining ovum. In general more times of sexual intercourse were making baby often under above condition and as if routine style to do. ( RQ = Responsive Quantity ; IQ = Intelligence Quantity;)

In intermediate natural selection of human evolution process, It shall compare their responsive and intelligent quickly or slowly, high or lower respectively between the couple. These later generations shall be well distributed of responsive and intelligent between genders in any society.

a , As sexual acted at will or impromptu only, if a young male RQ / IQ is higher than a female, more girls should be born by his wife or girl friend. Owing to RQ / IQ higher, the male hormone is of general more quantity than normal. The body glandular tissue should cause to secrete less female hormone for balance and control of higher male hormone toward normal level for keeping self-body motion from himself brain order. This convert some female hormone adhered on or added strength to X chromosome sperms. It will be very important that some X chromosome sperms attract and close easier with existing female X chromosome ovum after love and sexual intercourse.

b, Same sexual acted at will or impromptu only, if the young female RQ / IQ is higher than the male, more boys should be born by herself. Owing to RQ / IQ higher, the female hormone is general more quantity than normal. The body glandular tissue shall cause to secrete less male hormone and testosterone for balance and control higher female hormone toward normal level for keeping self-motion from her-self brain order. This convert male hormone and testosterone adhered or mixed on womb wall and ovum.

c, When RQ / IQ level is about equal the couple, their family had have general boys with girls staggered. If first baby was boy then girls, the mother was actively pursuit her husband in love periods. After a few years, owing to the father was of higher RQ / IQ than the mother, but her pregnancy was normal sexual intercourse with impromptu condition do as if routine style. If first baby was girl then boys, the father in general was warmly and actively pursuit his wife in love periods. After a few years, owing to the mother was of higher RQ / IQ than the father, but her pregnancy was normal sexual intercourse and any time condition do as if routine style.

Third case;

a, Should a young male have quantity of IQ measured over 130, neither he have initiative or passive the couple or haven’t in love periods or sexual intercourse, his wife always bear girls, more and even all. Owing to her husband is of the highest IQ, it could cause secrete more female hormone to balance and control the higher male hormone toward normal in himself body. This conversion could get less female hormone adhered or mixed on sperms or added strength to X chromosome sperms. It will be very important and cause these X chromosome sperms with female element to attract and close easier into existing X chromosome ovum after lovely and sexual acted. 

b, Should young female have quantity of IQ measured over 130, same neither she have initiative or passive, even if haven’t in love periods or sexual intercourse, she will always bear boys, more and even all. Same owing to she is of the highest IQ, it could cause to secrete more male hormone and testosterone to balance and control higher female hormone toward normal in herself body. 

 But as one of the couple was of unhealthy body, or older ill and weak body with opposition couple one, final the wife was born baby of weaker gender same. Such as, there were more case, a family six or seven boys final a girl or five or six girls 

final a body.

 They are of great dedication to Human for rising populace intelligence with balance of female and male for each field or each country. This is high-level in natural selection of human evolution process.
   
 All above order determined gender from the couple brain, either mind, responsive or intelligence, it is one self internal factor which is basic for any matter moving and development. It shall be different for any exterior factor, such as hot or cold weather, food of all kinds and different water quality etc. Any matter convert and develop that interior factor should be main and key determined, but exterior factor should be condition only to it in the world. Each one mind actively pursued other of the male and female or IQ/RQ high and low difference, therefore it shall be interior factor and key determined. It could be decision baby’s gender and transfer IQ/RQ for offspring of opposite gender. One by one pair of female and male combined shall be exterior factor. So baby gender had been determined before from love periods, actively sexual feelings and IQ / RQ compared. This is objective law of natural balance and control to keep a fair and stability society for gender structure and IQ/RQ field in long evolutionary process and natural selection. So, the gender structure had been carrying out principal balance and stabilization in long historical periods. But the IQ / RQ of humanity was developing very slow and keeping on a position of a medium level in any society and national group or any country.

Fourth case;

 As seem some genders not square with the law, but further analysis consistent with the law yet.

a , As some male is very tire in works every day, or sexual acted more, or in mind pressure, so non-interest or listless to have sexual intercourse, the baby gender seem was not square with the gender law. Such as some construction workers general had over time jobs, his wife was of more boys in him family at Hong Kong. b , Some female is of very tire every day in works or study or house works or in mind baby’s things. Even if her RQ was higher than husband, more girls were born in her family. c, A man of strength health with quick responsive, but he had one wife of weakness health and often ill. Because of he was always sex-action initiative, so more girls were born in his family. This is to balance and improvement female health. d , A woman of strength health with quick responsive, or “female strength one” called in their office. Her husband had been weakness health or often ill or slowly responsive. The family member were surely more boys than girls. e , Some male have requirement of strength in sexual filling and always actively acted. He was of surely more girls than boys in their family. So, bed mans rape woman who born surely a female baby after, because of he had strong libido. f , Some female have requirement of strength in sexual feelings and always actively acted. She was born more boys in their family.

So, one is of very tire, mind pressure, requirement of strength in sexual filling and always ill etc., all mind and vigorous level variation shall effect above three gender laws. These laws principle is normal health and sexual action in anyone self-body required.

Fifth case;

   Accordance with hormone gland more or less as sperm into egg cells combined, it 

shall effect baby gender and life shorter or longer. As Y sperm with egg cells combining, this periods, the sperm and the egg cells are of together three share same hormone gland of common testosterone which will be born body. As X sperm with egg cells combining, this periods, the sperm and the egg cells are of together three plus semi share same hormone gland of oestradiol-17β which will be born girl. The female baby not only was more semi share hormone than the male baby. But also the female grow up often longer life than the male in the world. Should analysis life periods of the X and the Y sperm, we found the Y was life periods shorter, durable force smaller and weak life etc.. But the X was life periods longest, durable force larger and strength life etc.. The Y sperm seem to shown male, but in sperm periods it had been short life too.

 From University of Chicago Press of 1968, their study shown: Hormones secreted of male and female were of convert every day respectively, including androstenedione,testosterone, oestrone and oestradiol-17β convertible quantity more or less each day 

difference. These hormones convert more or less for following anyone self mind and brain, body health strength or weak and mind pressure etc.. This is one self interior factor cause hormone quantity converted.

 Three case the hormone convert as following as; 

Case 1, The basic generation law; Female’s testosterone or male’s oestradiol-17β whom more quantity than another’s converted in love periods or warm and initiative sexual action. Baby gender shall be same gender of less converted in hormone or passiveness one in love periods or sex-action. We often could hear some male student in University where he intrude female student in sex. Because he was of high IQ and more androstenedione, he doesn’t control in self action.

Case 2, The principal generation law; This was comparative higher or lower of short term stress response where stress and the adrenal gland between the couple at will or impromptu only as their sexual intercourse. So, response quickly one shall be of opposite gender baby. Such as, general some male who works success with response quickly leadership, he was of more daughters. But some female was more sons, she surely was in works success with response quickly.

Case 3, The special generation law; This was comparative higher or lower of intelligence quantity between the couple. The higher one was IQ over 130, he or she is of more steroid------ the testosterone highest too. So, often the wife born alone gender baby who is of difference gender with IQ high anyone.

Case 4, Hormone gland convert more or less with feedback shall effect baby’s gender. So, it is to detail analysis self body health strength or weakness, tire case or illness minor or serious etc.. These varied health and mind shall cause gland more or less with difference converted which could be determined baby gender.

Case 5, X or Y sperm with egg cells combining difference stage there shall be some hormone convert or feedback, more or less, final baby gender and life longer or shorter determined by sperm with egg cells with adhesion hormone quantity.

In short, as there is normal health and sexual intercourse between couple in general live, baby’s gender shall be determined by the testosterone higher or lower between parents. Should one is of very tire, mind pressure or strain, requirement of strength in sexual filling and always ill etc, all mind and vigorous variation shall be effected normal hormone secretion rate and feedback. These gland convert from normal health and sexual action, but it is final determined by anyone self-mind or brain required.

   In natural selection of human evolution historic process, there was not only balance of human gender, but also well distributed of responsive and intelligent between female and male. Because it kept some cycle in gender and intelligent, so the human society could be kept gender balance with intelligent slightly risen slowly in the history process of the world over.
( User Q.Y.Zhang 香港 張其澐--116.49.10.39 (talk) 03:04, 15 August 2010 (UTC), Q.Y. Zhang 香港 張其澐 修改一字, at Fourth case, a, girls to revise boys --119.236.57.246 (talk) 22:21, 20 September 2011 (UTC))