Talk:Tortilla chip

Untitled

ummm....tortilla chips and corn chips are different products (at least in the US). Tortilla chips are actually made from corn tortillas, such as Tostitos, while corn chips are of the Fritos variety

Then you should probably fix the article, for those of us who don't consume the mass-market brands and wouldn't know a Tostito from a Frito if we bit one. ;) - toh 20:41, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)

Was the tortilla chip really invented in the 1940s? I remember reading an encyclopedia of Amerindian contributions were it read that they were eaten by mesoamerican and southwest cultures. I'll try to look it up but I may need some help.--Manny 15:22, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Just out of curiosity, are they called tortilla chips in the UK as well? Cause in the UK of course there's the whole chip/crisp thing... Elcalen (talk) 19:15, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

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Totopos

Called "totopos" in commercial marketing - is that within Mexico? because here in the US I have a bag of Tostitos and it says "Tostitos brand tortilla chips". Kuronue 20:22, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

A few inconsistencies

Whether it's true or not, it says they were first made in Los Angeles in this very article, but then it says on the right that the country of origin is Mexico. I'm sorry, but no one in Mexico served these until a couple of decades ago; they are as American as fortune cookies. Also, the article says they are known in Mexico as tostados. First of all, it's tostadas. There's no such thing as "tostados". Secondly, tostadas are large and tortilla sized, not cut up into wedges or smaller pieces. Just google 'tostadas' and you'll see they are not tortilla chips. --Kharlos (talk) 03:05, 3 February 2013 (UTC)

First mass produced, not first made, in Los Angeles. Note that several of the references cited in the article refer to the triangle chips, as opposed to the whole fried corn tortilla, as being called "tostados" in Mexico, including the stories about the creation of "nachos" in Piedras Negras, Mexico, in 1943. Geoff ^{Who, me?} 00:29, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

Thomas Alfonso Moody opened the first bakery in Santa Monica California in 1901. He was successful in business and began investing is the growing community. In 1947 I visited his factory in now Inglewood where he had a Tortilla factory which he had converted to frying triangle sections of his product as there was heavy competition in tortillas he called the product "corn chips" and it was sold to Mexican Restaurants. I vividly remember the triangles going down a belt into the boiling oil The whole operation was run by a steam engine driving open belts and pulleys. The factory was sold to Frito (before the Lays merger) 1n 1949. My Grandfather took me to his factory in his 1934 Franklin car, I would suspect these types of chips have been around a long time, Santa Monica was a sleepy Mexican fishing village in the early days, I can remember Mexican Ladies making Tortillas by hand on in a house with a dirt floor and cooking them on a metal plate on a wood fire on Olympic Boulevard in 1956-7. Inglewood was corn fields. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.251.45.19 (talk) 11:05, 12 January 2017 (UTC)

UBC FNH 200 PROJECT OUTLINE

Introduction

Tortillas originated in Mexico as a bread staple made from corn pulp, otherwise known as masa. The name “tortilla”, however, emerged from the Spaniards’ description of the flour cake: torta, the Spanish word for “cake”. Tortilla chips are simply fried or baked tortillas, and the chips were first introduced by Latin Americans living in the southwest United States. More specifically, it was Rebecca Webb Carranza who is credited to be “one of the pioneers of the commercial tortilla chip”. Her discovery in 1950 was led by aversion towards the food waste produced by misshapen tortillas coming out from the El Zarape Tortilla Factory tortilla-making machines where she worked. Carranza cut the misshapen tortillas and deep fried them, quickly gaining popularity with her relatives and deli, where she sold the chips for a dime a bag. 10 years later, the popularity of the Tort Chips revolutionized El Zarape’s business as well as the commercialization of tortilla chips today The chips have gained increasing popularity in North America, so much so that the top 10 brands of tortilla chips, such as Doritos and Tostitos, have earned a combined revenue of $3,243.7 billion just in 2015 . Even February 24th has even been marked as National Tortilla Chip Day

Tortilla chips can be paired with condiments such as salsa and guacamole, and can be made into nachos for party snacks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Michy1957 (talk • contribs) 19:29, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

Ingredients Tortilla chips are made using, yellow corn, white corn, flour whole wheat, or blue cornmeal. An important and unique aspect to tortilla chips is the usage of masa. “Masa consists of corn that has been soaked in a food-grade lime and water solution to break down the hulls; the kernels are then ground into flour”. Frying oils, salts, and various seasonings are added to enhance the product flavouring. Additionally, particularly in the United States, preservatives are added to the product to prolong the shelf-life duration.

Additives (uses of them) Additives are a unique presence to tortilla chips mainly made in the United States. Additives such as emulsifiers, gums, and acidulants are added to the product to preserve properties of the product, as well as increase the shelf-life. Quality Control Various aspects are controlled and measured during the process of tortilla chip production. These include: temperature, relative humidty of storage of the corn, types of grinding stones used, baking and frying times and temperatures

Processing

Baking vs. Frying (cooking techniques) Baking -texture is an important characteristic of baked tortilla -quality and acceptability -texture depends on factors such as raw material used, baking conditions, packaging, storage conditions and -freshness and shelf life closely related to texture http://ac.els-cdn.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/S0023643802002220/1-s2.0-S0023643802002220-main.pdf?_tid=cf91498a-d450-11e5-b9cd-00000aacb35f&acdnat=1455588105_d57775ea6d458a40be188c7b4b776924 -chips are baked before frying -masa is baked using a gas fired oven -baked at temperatures of 500-554 degrees fahrenheit for 35-50 seconds -baking enhances the alkaline flavour, reduces the moisture and oil absorption during frying -then the tortilla chips are cooled for up to 20 minutes -the chips lose moisture while cooling http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Tortilla-Chip.html

Frying -oil is used 338-374 degrees fahrenheit for 50-80 seconds -frying temperature and time fried is dependent on the ingredients used for the chips -a majority of the commercial fryers used are continuous ones. They use direct or indirect heating elements. -salt and seasoning added after the chips are fried and still hot -hot chips, enter an inclined rotating cylinder and liquid seasoning mix is sprayed -liquid seasoning mix contains hot oil, salt, seasoning, flavouring, and colouring products -oil crystallizes on the chips once cooled. This forms the seasoning coat. -salt can be added to chips using a liquid spray or by a granulated salt dispenser http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Tortilla-Chip.html

Shape -triangles, round shaped, and rectangular strings http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Tortilla-Chip.html - Same process for the shapes -the dough is rolled out into a flat sheet -with a cutter (mold) it is cut into the shape -similar to a cookie cutter, the hard edges cut through the dough and leaves the shape https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzIdZGOR9vo

Regulations -according to above website link tortilla chips must be made using good manufacturing practices as outlined in 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 110 https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/CID%20Tortillas,%20Tortilla%20Chips,%20Taco%20Shells,%20and%20Tostada%20Shells.pdf as stated in 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 110 ->for the united states the processing section has many aspects that are listed in detail in above link categories: general provisions, building and facilities, reserved, production and process controls, reserved, and defect action levels https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=110

Color -the colour is added after the chips are fried. Added when the liquid seasoning mix is applied http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Tortilla-Chip.html -white dented corns, blue, purple, and red genotypes are processed into instant flour for the production of tortilla chips -the processing differs depending on the kernel because each type has different types of processing parameters -for example, blue kernels are small to medium size - small to medium kernels are blue because they contain a higher amount of aleurone layer and they are less diluted by the starchy endosperm -blue corns have a flour like and soft endosperm that have longer ears. This contributes to a flavour difference. -require less cooking time and steeping time than the white corn kernels -It was found that Mexican white corn had a much greater bulk density and harder endosperm than the blue corn kernel types -also found that (by Betran et al.) that blue corn have a more floury and softer endosperm that decreases the amount of product made as compared to the white and yellow corn -found that Mexican blue corn absorbed the highest amount of lime solution during nixtamalization due to its softer endosperm. Next the American blue corn, and then the Mexican white corn -the different corns also contained different moisture levels =processing varies depending on the corn used because each corn type has different properties that result in more or less cooking time for example. This is because some kernels may be more soft than the counterparts. http://cerealchemistry.aaccnet.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/doi/pdfplus/10.1094/CCHEM-84-2-0162

Traditional vs. Store Processed Traditional baked tortilla chips using pre made corn tortilla: -no further processing as the recipe only requires a few steps and ingredients -preheating oven, brushing corn tortillas with oil, cutting them, and spreading them on baking sheet, salting them, and finally baking them until crisp. http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/food-network-kitchens/baked-tortilla-chips-recipe.html traditional:tch -using fire, cooking corn in pots -soaking corn for 8 to 16 hours -draining out the liquid (water) it was cooked in -washing the “nixtamal” -nixtamal ground into masa using grinding stones are grinders that are operated by hand -masa is hand molded or a tortilla press is used to form thin disks -baked on comal (hot griddle)

Therefore no processing because it is homemade. No added ingredients

 http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Tortilla-Chip.html

Store processed -5 steps when using corn in bulk to prepare the masa: -corn in ground using 1.5 mm screen -transferred to batch blending/mixing system -ground corn then kneaded using water and calcium hydroxide -this enables a moisture content of 20-25% -mixed for 15 minutes so that there is enough moisture -extrusion process: -feeder is used to control the rate that the ground corn passes through extrusion -important to ensure that there is stability and uniform sizes of final product -live steam is put into the mixing cylinder to temper corn before the extrusion. The steam allows for the product to have an even moisture content. The steam used is set at 90-95 degrees celsius -corn is then extruded through a 6-9mm “die orifice” Extruder barrel is set at 120-150 degrees celsius -corn is shaped using a rotating knife -then it is cooked to dry out the product. 10-12% of the moisture -drying is quick. 300 degrees fahrenheit for 15 minutes -The the processed corn is ground through a screen and stored to be packaged -other ways of producing tortilla chips has come about that are more simple -the pre cooked masa flour can be tempered with water -with a forming extruder be formed into shape -fried -flavoured -packaged http://download.springer.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/static/pdf/846/bok%253A978-1-4613-1477-6.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4613-1477-6&token2=exp=1455690517~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F846%2Fbok%25253A978-1-4613-1477-6.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Fbook%252F10.1007%252F978-1-4613-1477-6*~hmac=73ef954628897b5c2760ab143d023c92964ee66533df819a1a4dc348a1a2af4b

Packaging Sometimes packaged in a semi-transparent plastic bag, laminated paper or plastic bag that’s been heat sealed by a bagging machine. Need to package tortilla chips immediately after cooling to ensure protection against air and moisture which can make fried products lose their crispiness. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Tortilla-Chip.html

• Nitrogen

Oxygen can spoil tortilla chips quickly and the humidity in the air can make them go soggy so to further prevent these consequences, manufactures fill the bags with nitrogen gas. Nitrogen gas is not harmful because the air we breathe is composed of 78% nitrogen. Nobile, M. D. (2001). Packaging design for potato chips. Journal of Food Engineering, 47(3), 211-215.

• Regulations

Nitrogen gas is not dangerous but manufactures must display the net weight of the product so that consumers do not get surprised at the bag to chip proportions http://mentalfloss.com/article/51993/why-are-potato-chip-bags-always-half-empty

• Storage

Typically need to be stored in cool dry places. Upon opening the bag, should be stored in airtight container or sealed up to ensure freshness and crispness.

• Labeling

Must have core labelling information on bag that follows the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations

• Ecological impact (controversy)

There can be a lot of waste from the packaging after the bag is empty. Some consumers are thrown off by the excessive amounts of packaging and the type of material used which could impact their decision to buy a product. There is a stronger push for biodegradable materials or packaging that can be recycled but there are always trade offs. For example, biodegradable materials can be better environmentally but they can be more costly which can drive up the prices of products. One thing manufactures can do is always reduce the size of the packaging because it can reduce transportation costs by being able to ship more products out which reduces greenhouse gas emissions and less waste.

http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/industry-markets-and-trade/statistics-and-market-information/by-product-sector/processed-food-and-beverages/the-canadian-snack-food-manufacturing-industry/?id=1172692863066

Nutrition

• Fat content

factors affecting oil content, uptake during deep frying of the chips Moreira, R. G., Sun, X., & Chen, Y. (1997). Factors affecting oil uptake in tortilla chips in deep-fat frying. Journal of Food Engineering, 31(4), 485-498. doi:10.1016/S0260-8774(96)00088-X Xu, S., & Kerr, W. L. (2012). Comparative study of physical and sensory properties of corn chips made by continuous vacuum drying and deep fat frying. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 48(1), 96. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2012.02.019 Warner, K. (2009). oxidative and flavor stability of tortilla chips fried in expeller pressed low linolenic acid soybean oil. Journal of Food Lipids, 16(2), 133-147. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01137.x

   2. Olestra health effects as substitute to fat 

Bimal, C., & Guonong, Z. (2006). Olestra: A solution to food fat? Food Reviews International, 22(3), 245-258. doi:10.1080/87559120600694705

• Options

Blue corn https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_corn

     2. Red corn 

http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Red_Corn_2852.php

     3. White corn/yellow corn 

http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/snacks/5374/2

     4. Wheat tortilla chips 

http://www.tostitos.ca/products/tostitos-multigrain-tortilla-chips

• also for multigrain

    5. mixed flour blends

black bean, quinoa etc.

• Health impacts

DRI compared to serving size of tortilla chips http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/nutrition/reference/table/index-eng.php

    2. Sodium consumption
http://www.dietitians.ca/Your-Health/Nutrition-A-Z/Sodium.aspx
     3. high fat intake linked to development of chronic diseases 

http://www.dietitians.ca/Your-Health/Nutrition-A-Z/Fat.aspx

• allergies/certain diet types

Gluten intolerant/Celiac http://www.celiac.ca/

• comparison of types

antioxidant properties of blue, white and red corn tortilla chips, properties from cooking Pozo-Insfran, D. D., Sergio O Serna Saldivar, Brenes, C. H., & Talcott, S. T. (2007). Polyphenolics and antioxidant capacity of white and blue corns processed into tortillas and chips. Cereal Chemistry, 84(2), 162-168. doi:10.1094/CCHEM-84-2-0162

     2. Multigrain Tortilla chips compared to wheat/white 

Islas-Rubio, A. R., de la Barca, Ana María Calderón, Molina-Jacott, L. E., del Carmen Granados-Nevárez, M., & Vasquez-Lara, F. (2014). Development and evaluation of a nutritionally enhanced multigrain tortilla snack. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 69(2), 128-133. doi:10.1007/s11130-014-0408-y

      3. Nutrition facts table(s) from different types discussed 

Academic sources Bimal, C., & Guonong, Z. (2006). Olestra: A solution to food fat? Food Reviews International, 22(3), 245-258. doi:10.1080/87559120600694705 Islas-Rubio, A. R., de la Barca, Ana María Calderón, Molina-Jacott, L. E., del Carmen Granados-Nevárez, M., & Vasquez-Lara, F. (2014). Development and evaluation of a nutritionally enhanced multigrain tortilla snack. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 69(2), 128-133. doi:10.1007/s11130-014-0408-y Moreira, R. G., Sun, X., & Chen, Y. (1997). Factors affecting oil uptake in tortilla chips in deep-fat frying. Journal of Food Engineering, 31(4), 485-498. doi:10.1016/S0260-8774(96)00088-X Pozo-Insfran, D. D., Sergio O Serna Saldivar, Brenes, C. H., & Talcott, S. T. (2007). Polyphenolics and antioxidant capacity of white and blue corns processed into tortillas and chips. Cereal Chemistry, 84(2), 162-168. doi:10.1094/CCHEM-84-2-0162 WARNER, K. (2009). oxidative and flavor stability of tortilla chips fried in expeller pressed low linolenic acid soybean oil. Journal of Food Lipids, 16(2), 133-147. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4522.2009.01137.x Xu, S., & Kerr, W. L. (2012). Comparative study of physical and sensory properties of corn chips made by continuous vacuum drying and deep fat frying. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 48(1), 96. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2012.02.019

Cindyy28 (talk) 23:13, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

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Tortilla chip: Not just from corn anymore

The 1st line of the article says "This article is about the chips made from corn tortillas" & then "A tortilla chip is a snack food made from corn tortillas". That is no longer completely true. There are tortilla chips made from wheat, almonds, plantains, Cassava, & maybe other main ingredients. 99.7.207.171 (talk) 01:57, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

Echoing this. The article would benefit from some coverage of non-corn tortilla chips. Flour tortilla chips are by far the most common and oldest non-traditional variant, but as said, others exist. I don't know enough to fell comfortable adding the information; but as is, the article is severely lacking the information. 207.191.198.38 (talk) 12:48, 15 June 2023 (UTC)