Laminaria
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| Laminaria | |
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| Laminaria hyperborea | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Chromalveolata |
| Division: | Heterokontophyta |
| Class: | Phaeophyceae |
| Order: | Laminariales |
| Family: | Laminariaceae |
| Genus: | Laminaria J. V. Lamouroux |
| Species | |
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c. 30 species; see text |
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Laminaria is a genus of 31 species of brown algae (Phaeophyceae), all sharing the common name "kelp". This economically important genus is characterized by long, leathery laminae and relatively large size. Some species are referred to by the common name Devil's apron, due to their shape,[1] or sea colander, due to the perforations present on the lamina.[2] It is found in the north Atlantic Ocean and the northern Pacific Ocean at depths from 8 to 30 m (26 to 98 ft) (exceptionally to 120 m (390 ft) in the warmer waters of the Mediterranean Sea and off Brazil).[3]
Main article: Laminaria stick
The name also refers to the use of this algae to dilate the cervix when induction of pregnancy is necessary. It serves to absorb moisture and then expand, subsequently expanding the cervix.
The greater proportion of commercial cultivation is for algin, iodine and mannitol, which are used in a range of industrial applications. The largest producer of kelp products is China.[4]
Laminaria japonica (J. E. Areschoug — Japón) [5] is now regarded as a synonym of Saccharina japonica[6]
[edit] Species
- Laminaria abyssalis A.B. Joly & E.C. Oliveira — Southamerican Atlantic[7][8]
- Laminaria agardhii Kjellman[9] — Atlántico de Nortemérica [10]
- Laminaria angustata Kjellman — Japan[5][11]
- Laminaria appressirhiza J. E. Petrov & V. B. Vozzhinskaya [12]
- Laminaria brasiliensis A. B. Loly & E. C. Oliveira
- Laminaria brongardiana Postels & Ruprecht [13]
- Laminaria bulbosa J. V. Lamouroux
- Laminaria bullata Kjellman
- Laminaria complanata (Setchell & N. L. Garder) Muenscher
- Laminaria dentigera Kjellm. — North American Pacific: the strait of the bering of Baja California;[14]
- Laminaria diabolica Miyabe
- Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J. V. Lamouroux
- Laminaria ephemera Setchell — Pacific of North America: From Vancouver to California [14]
- Laminaria farlowii Setchell — Coast of the North American Pacific [14]
- Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie
- Laminaria inclinatorhiza J. Petrov & V. Vozzhinskaya
- Laminaria multiplicata J. Petrov & M. Suchovejeva
- Laminaria nigripes J. Agardh
- Laminaria ochroleuca Bachelot de la Pylaie
- Laminaria pallida Greville — South Africa, [15] Indian Ocean, Canary Islands and de Tristán da Cunha [16]
- Laminaria platymeris Bachelot de la Pylaie
- Laminaria rodriguezii Barnet
- Laminaria ruprechtii (Areschoug) Setchell
- Laminaria saccharina (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamouroux
- Laminaria sachalinensis (Miyabe) Miyabe
- Laminaria setchellii P. C. Silva
- Laminaria sinclairii (Harvey ex J. D. Hooker & Harvey) Farlow, Anderson & Eaton — North American Pacific coast [14]
- Laminaria solidugula J. Agardh
- Laminaria yezoensis Miyabe
[edit] References
- ^ "Devil's Apron". Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. C. & G. Merriam Co.. 1913. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Devil's+apron.
- ^ "Devil's apron - Sea Vegetable". http://www.wellbeingbeingwell.co.uk/sea_vegetables/devil.html. Retrieved 2009-02-06.[unreliable source?]
- ^ Guiry, Michael. "Kelps: Laminaria and Saccharina". http://www.seaweed.ie/algae/laminaria.lasso. Retrieved 2009-02-06.[unreliable source?]
- ^ Culture of Kelp (Laminaria japonica) in China. FAO. June 1989. http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AB724E/AB724E00.htm.
- ^ a b T. Tori (1998). An Illustrated Atlas of the Life History of Algae. Uchida Rokakuho Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo. ISBN 4-7536-4057-4.[page needed]
- ^ M. D. Guiry & Wendy Guiry (2006-09-29). "Laminaria japonica J. E. Areschoug". AlgaeBase. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1316&sk=0&from=results.
- ^ Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie (1990). "The life cycle of Laminaria abyssalis (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) en cultivo". Hydrobiologia 204–205: 461–466. doi:. http://www.springerlink.com/content/nx5v56179q3w7153/.
- ^ M. D. Guiry (2006-03-26). "Laminaria abyssalis A. B. Joly & E. B. Oliveira". AlgaeBase. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=11397.
- ^ M. D. Guiry (2004-09-23). "Laminaria agardhii Kjellman". AlgaeBase. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=22942.
- ^ Taylor (1957). Marine Algae of Northeastern Coast of North America. Ann Arbor. ISBN 0-472-04904-6.[page needed]
- ^ M. D. Guiry & Wendy Guiry (2006-09-29). "Laminaria angustata Kjellman". AlgaeBase. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=4017.
- ^ M. D. Guiry & Olga Selivanova (2006-09-19). "Laminaria appressirhiza J. E. Petrov & V. B. Vozzhinskaya". AlgaeBase. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=131433.
- ^ M. D. Guiry (2006-04-24). "Laminaria brongardiana Postels & Ruprecht". AlgaeBase. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=26836.
- ^ a b c d I. A. Abbott & G. J. Hollenberg (1976). Marine Algae of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. ISBN 0-8047-0867-3.[page needed]
- ^ H. Stegenga, J. J. Bolton & R. J. Anderson (1997). Seaweeds of the South Africal West Coast. Bolus Herbarium Number 18, University of Cape Town.
- ^ M. D. Guiry (2004-09-32). "Laminaria pallida Greville". AlgaeBase. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3461&sk=0&from=results.
[edit] External links
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