Target acquisition
In the US military and most NATO/Coalition militaries, Target Acquisition denotes any process that locates or "acquires" targets. Definition: The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of lethal and non-lethal means. The subject of Target Acquisition (TA) is too broad to explain it under one subject. Therefore, specifically identifying the type of target acquisition needs to be specified i.e. Field Artillery TA,[1] Joint Targeting,[2] Information Operations,[3] etc. To understand the process, one must first understand what a "target" is. A "target" is an entity or object considered for possible engagement or other action. Targets include a wide array of resources that an enemy commander can use to conduct operations including mobile and stationary units/forces, equipment, capabilities, facilities, persons and functions.
Since 9-11, Target Acquisition has become a highly technical, robust and complex process because of the priority target types. Target Acquisition under the doctrines of the Cold War and Post-Cold War were focused on identifying the capabilities, assets and identities of large troop formations, Air Defense Systems, Artillery, rockets, missiles and identifying other High Pay-off Targets (HPTs) and High Value Targets (HVTs). HPTs which if successfully engaged and neutralized significantly contribute to the success of the "friendly commander's" course of action. HVT is a target that an "enemy commander" requires for completion of a mission. They both seem to accomplish the same, but are different when conducting the targeting analysis process.
Post 9-11 targeting is more complex because of target size, i.e. the targeting of individuals. Whereas a satellite can locate a missile launcher or a formation of 16 tanks by its shape, heat signature or size, it cannot identify and locate 1 of 6 billion individuals without having a person on the ground to recognize, report and engage that individual. This requirements has created a more complex target acquisition process. It also requires an enhancement of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) sources and the enhancement of biometric technology for the purpose of positive identification of individuals in the targeting process. [2] The Joint Targeting process is better suited for targeting individuals. The latest doctrine is the JP 3-60, Joint Doctrine for Targeting. [4]
[edit] See also
- ^ http://www.enlisted.info/field-manuals/fm-6-121-field-artillery-target-acquisition.shtml%7CField Manual 6-121
- ^ a b http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/doctrine/jwfc/jntfiretar_hdbk.pdf
- ^ http://www.iwar.org.uk/iwar/resources/doctrine/fm-3-13.htm
- ^ http://www.bits.de/NRANEU/others/jp-doctrine/jp3_60(02).pdf
