List of weather records
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(Redirected from Temperature extreme)
This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station.
Contents |
[edit] Temperature
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are two meters above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight (hence the term, x degrees "in the shade").
[edit] Heat
[edit] Highest temperature ever recorded
| Temperature | Location | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africa/On Earth | 57.8 °C (136.0 °F) | 'Aziziya, Libya | 1922-09-13[1] |
| Algeria | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Illizi | 2011-08-18[2] |
| Benin | 44.5 °C (112 °F) | Kandi | ?[2] |
| Botswana | 42.6 °C (108.4 °F) | Tsabong | ?[2] |
| Burkina Faso | 47.2 °C (117 °F) | Dori | ?[2] |
| Burundi | 36.1 °C (97 °F) | Bujumbura | ?[2] |
| Cameroon | 47.7 °C (117.9 °F) | Kousseri | ?[3] |
| Central African Republic | 45 °C (113 °F) | Birao | ?[2] |
| Chad | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 2010-06-22[3] |
| Congo-Brazaville | 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) | Mpouya | 2011-07-03[2] |
| Congo-Kinshasa | 38.6 °C (101.5 °F) | Kisangani | ?[2] |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Odienne | ?[2] |
| Djibouti | 49.5 °C (121 °F) | Tadjourah | ?[2] |
| Egypt | 50.3 °C (122.6 °F) | Kharga | ?[2] |
| Eritrea | 48 °C (118.4 °F) | Massawa | ?[2] |
| Ethiopia | 48.9 °C (120 °F) | Dallol | ?[2] |
| Gambia | 45.5 °C (114 °F) | Basse Santa Su | ?[2] |
| Ghana | 43.9 °C (111 °F) | Navrongo | ?[2] |
| Guinea-Bissau | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Bafata | ?[2] |
| Lesotho | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Maseru | ?[2] |
| Malawi | 45 °C (113 °F) | Ngabu, Chikwana | ?[2] |
| Mali | 48.2 °C (118 °F) | Gao | ?[2] |
| Mauritania | 50 °C (122 °F) | Akjujt | ?[2] |
| Morocco | 50.7 °C (123.2 °F) | Semara | 2009-08-16[2] |
| Mozambique | 47.3 °C (117.2 °F) | Chibuto | 2009-02-03[2] |
| Namibia | 47.8 °C (118 °F) | Noordoewer | 2009-02-06[2] |
| Niger | 48.2 °C (118.8 °F) | Bilma | 2010-06-23[3] |
| Nigeria | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 2010-04-03[3] |
| Rwanda | 35.4 °C (95.8 °F) | Kigali | ?[2] |
| Senegal | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Matam | ?[2] |
| Sierra Leone | 40 °C (104 °F) | Njala | ?[2] |
| Somalia | 47.8 °C (118 °F) | Berbera | ?[2] |
| South Africa | 50.0 °C (122 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastern Cape | 2010-01-22[4] |
| Sudan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 2010-06-25[3] |
| Swaziland | 46.1 °C (115 °F) | Sidvokodvo | ?[2] |
| Tanzania | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Zanzibar | ?[2] |
| Tunisia | 50.1 °C (122.2 °F) | El Borma | ?[2] |
| Uganda | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Kigtum | ?[2] |
| Zambia | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastern Province | 2010-10-13[3] |
| Zimbabwe | 45.6 °C (114 °F) | Beitbridge | ?[2] |
| Asia | 53.9 °C (129 °F) | Tirat Tsvi, North District, Israel | 1942-06-21[5] |
| Bangladesh | 45.1 °C (113.2°F) | Rajshahi | 1972-04-30[6] |
| China | 49.7 °C (118 °F) | Ading Lake, Turpan, Xinjiang, China | 2008-08-03[3] |
| India | 51.1 °C (123.9 °F) | Purulia, West Bengal | 2005-06-18[7] |
| Iraq | 52.0 °C (125.7 °F) | Basra Ali Air Base, Nasiriyah |
2010-06-14[3] 2011-08-02[8][9] |
| Israel | 54 °C (129 °F) | Tirat Zvi, Israel | 1942-06-21 |
| Kuwait | 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) | Kuwait International Airport, Kuwait | 2011-08-03[10] |
| Japan | 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) | Kumagaya, Saitama / Tajimi, Gifu | 2007-08-16[11] |
| Malaysia | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 1998-04-09[12] |
| Myanmar | 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Myinmu | 2010-05-12[3] |
| Pakistan | 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) | Mohenjo-daro, Sindh | 2010-05-26[3][13] |
| Philippines | 42.2 °C (107.96 °F) | Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Valley | 1912-04-12[14] |
| Qatar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 2010-07-14[3] |
| Russia | 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) | Belogorsk, Amur Oblast | 2010-07-12[15] |
| Saudi Arabia | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 2010-06-22[3] |
| Singapore | 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Singapore | 1998-03-26[12] |
| South Korea | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Daegu | 1942-08-01[16] |
| Thailand | 44.5 °C (112.1°F) | Uttaradit | 1960-04-27[17] |
| Turkey | 48.8 °C (119.8°F) | Mardin | 1993-08-14[18] |
| Oceania‡ | 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Oodnadatta, South Australia, Australia | 1960-01-02[19][20][21] |
| New Zealand | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury and Jordan, Marlborough (tied) | 1973-02-07[22] |
| Solomon Islands | 36.1 °C (97 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 2010-02-01[3] |
| Europe | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Athens, Greece | 1977-07-10[23] |
| Albania | 43.9 °C (118.1 °F) | Kuçovë | 1973-07-18 |
| Austria | 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) | Dellach im Drautal | 1983-07-27[24] |
| Belarus | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Gomel | 2010-08-07[3] |
| Belgium | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Uccle | 1947-06-27 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 46.2 °C (115.16 °F) | Mostar (Herzegovina, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) | 1900-07-31 |
| Bulgaria | 45.2 °C (113.3 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 1916-08-05[25] |
| Croatia | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Ploče | 1998-08-05[26] |
| Cyprus | 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) | Lefkoniko, Cyprus | 2010-08-01[3] |
| Czech Republic | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prague-Uhříněves | 1983-07-27[27] |
| Denmark | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 1975-08-10[28] |
| England | 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) | Faversham, Kent | 2003-08-10[29] |
| Estonia | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 1992-08-11[30] |
| Finland | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Liperi | 2010-07-29[31] |
| France | 44.1 °C (110.1 °F) | Conqueyrac / Saint-Christol-lès-Alès | 2003-08-12[32] |
| Germany | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe & Freiburg | 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-13[33] |
| Greenland | 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) | Tasiilaq | 2005-07-13[2][34] |
| Hungary | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 2007-07-20[35] |
| Iceland | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 1939-06-22[36][37] |
| Ireland | 33.3 °C (92 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 1887-06-26[38] |
| Italy | 47 °C or 48.5 °C (116.6 or 119.3 °F) | Foggia, Apulia or Catenanuova, Sicily (Catenanuova's record is disputed) | 2007-06-25 and 1999-08-20[39] |
| Latvia | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Daugavpils | 1943-08-04[40] |
| Lithuania | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena County | 1994-07-30[41] |
| Macedonia | 45.7 °C(114.26 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija Municipality | 2007-07-24[42] |
| Moldova | 41.5 °C(106.7 °F) | Camenca, Camenca sub-district, Transnistria | 2007-07-21[43] |
| Montenegro | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Podgorica | 2007-08-16 |
| Netherlands | 38.6 °C (102 °F) | Warnsveld | 1944-08-23[44] |
| Northern Ireland | 30.8 °C (87.4 °F) | Knockarevan, County Fermanagh / Belfast, County Antrim | 1976-06-30 / 1983-07-12[29] |
| Norway | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 1970-06-20[45] |
| Poland | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prószków, Opole Voivodeship (then in Germany) | 1921-07-29[46] |
| Portugal | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 2003-08-01[47] |
| Romania | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 1951-08-10[48] |
| Russia | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykia | 2010-07-12[49] |
| Scotland | 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) | Greycrook, Scottish Borders | 2003-08-09[29] |
| Serbia | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje District | 2007-07-24[50] |
| Slovakia | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 2007-07-20[2] |
| Slovenia | 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) | Črnomelj | 1950-07-05[51] |
| Spain | 47.2 °C (116.9 °F) | Murcia | 1994-07-04[52] |
| Sweden | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Ultuna, Uppsala County / Målilla, Kalmar County | 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[53] |
| Switzerland | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa District | 2003-08-11[54] |
| Ukraine | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 2010-08-12[55] |
| Wales | 35.2 °C (95.4 °F) | Hawarden Bridge, Flintshire | 1990-08-02[29] |
| North America | 56.7 °C (134 °F) | Death Valley, California, United States | 1913-07-10[56] |
| Canada | 45.0 °C (113 °F) | Midale, Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan | 1937-07-05[57] |
| Mexico | 53.0 °C (127.4 °F) | Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico | [58][59] |
| South America | 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Villa de María, Argentina | 1920-01-02[19][60] |
| Bolivia | 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) | Villamontes, Tarija Department | 2010-10-29*[3] |
| Brazil | 44.7 °C (112.4 °F) | Bom Jesus, Piauí | 2005-11-21[61] |
| Colombia | 42.3 °C (108 °F) | Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca Department | 2010-10-29[3] |
| Paraguay | 45 °C (113 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 2009-11-14[62] |
| Uruguay | 44 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Department | 1943-01-20[63] |
| Venezuela | 41 °C (105.8 °F) | Maracaibo, Zulia State | ?[2] |
| Central America and Caribbean Islands | 45 °C (113 °F) | Olintepeque, Guatemala | ? [64] |
| Dominican Republic | 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Mao | 1954-08-31[65][66] |
| Cuba | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Jucarito (Granma Province) | 1999-04-17[67] |
| Commonwealth of Puerto Rico | 37.2 °C (99 °F) | Arecibo | 1985-06-25[68] |
| Antarctica | 14.6 °C (59 °F) | Vanda Station, Scott Coast | 1974-01-05[19] |
| South Pole | -12.3 °C (9.9 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | 2011-12-25[69] |
- *Temperature reached on multiple occasions; this is the most recent.
- †There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[70]
- ‡On 16 January 1889, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[19]
[edit] Other warm records
- Fastest temperature rise: 27 °C (49 °F) in two minutes; Spearfish, South Dakota, 1943-01-22.[71]
- Most consecutive days above 100 °F (37.8 °C): 160 days; Marble Bar, Western Australia from 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924.[72]
[edit] Cold
[edit] Lowest temperatures ever recorded
| Temperature | Location | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antarctica / On Earth | −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 1983-07-21[19][71][73] |
| East Antarctica | −82.5 °C (−116.5 °F) | Dome A | 2005-07[74] |
| South Pole | −82.8 °C (−117.0 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | [75] |
| Asia | −68 °C (−90 °F) | Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic, Russia |
1892-02-07 1933-02-06[19] |
| Bangladesh | 4.5 °C (40.1 °F) | Jessore | 2011-01-12 [76] |
| China | −52.3 °C (−62.1 °F) | Mohe County | 1969-02-13[77] |
| India | −33.9 °C (−29.0 °F) | Ladakh | 1911-03-22[78] |
| Iran | −36 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1969[79] |
| Iraq | −17.6 °C (0.3 °F) | Mosul, Ninawa Governorate | 1911-01-24[80] p29 |
| Israel | −13.7 °C (7.3 °F) | Beit Netofa Valley | 1950-02-07[81] |
| Japan | −41 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 1902-01-25[11] |
| Malaysia | 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) | Cameron Highlands | 1978-02-01[12] |
| Nepal | −45 °C (−49.0 °F) | Mt. Everest, Sagarmatha | 1999-05-15[11] |
| North Korea | −43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) | Chunggangjin | 1933-01-12[82] |
| Philippines | 2 °C (35.6 °F) | Mount Pulag, Mountain Province | 2011-01[83] |
| Thailand | −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) | Sakon Nakorn | 1974-01-02[17] |
| Turkey | −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Van | 1990-01-09[18] |
| North America | −66.1 °C (−87.0 °F) | North Ice, Greenland | 1954-01-09[19] |
| Canada | −63 °C (−81 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 1947-02-03[19][71] |
| Mexico | −32 °C (−25.6 °F) | Santa Barbara, Durango | 1999[84] |
| United States | −62 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 1971-01-23[85] |
| Europe | −58.1 °C (−72.6°F) | Ust' Shchugor, Russia | 1978-12-31[23] |
| Albania | −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) | Voskopojë | 1967-01-27 |
| Austria | −37.4 °C (−38.6 °F) | Sonnblick | 1905-01-01[86] |
| Belarus | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitsebsk Voblast | 1940-01-17[87] |
| Belgium | −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort | 1940-01-20[88] |
| Bulgaria | −38.3 °C (−37 °F) | Tran | 1947-01-25[25] |
| Croatia | −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) | Čakovec | 1929-02-03[26] |
| Czech Republic | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 1929-02-11[27] |
| Denmark | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 1982-01-08[28] |
| England | −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) | Newport, Shropshire, West Midlands | 1982-01-10[29] |
| Estonia | −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 1940-01-17[30] |
| Finland | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Kittilä, Lapland | 1999-01-28[89] |
| France | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 1985-01-17[90] |
| Germany | −45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) | Funtensee, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Bavaria | 2001-12-24[33] |
| Greece | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 1967-01-27[91] |
| Hungary | −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 1940-02-16[35] |
| Iceland | −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 1918-01-21[36] |
| Ireland | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 1881-01-16[38] |
| Italy | −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F) | Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino | 2010-12-27[92] |
| Latvia | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 1956-02-08[40] |
| Lithuania | −42.9 °C(−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1956-02-01[41] |
| Macedonia | −31.5 °C(−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 1954-01-27[93] |
| Netherlands | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk | 1944-01-27[44] |
| Northern Ireland | −18.7 °C (-1.7 °F) | Castlederg, County Tyrone | 2010-12-24[94] |
| Norway | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1886-01-01[45] |
| Poland | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Suwałki, Województwo warmińsko-mazurskie | 1940-01-11[46] |
| Portugal | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro |
1945-01-16 and 1954-02-05[95] |
| Romania | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Braşov County | 1942-01-25[48] |
| Scotland | −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) | Braemar, Aberdeenshire, Altnaharra, Sutherland |
1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10 1995-12-30[29] |
| Serbia | −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) | Karajukica Bunari, Zlatibor District | 1985-01-13[50] |
| Slovakia | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vigľaš-Pstruša | 1929-02-11[96] |
| Slovenia | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[51] |
| Spain | −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) | Lake Estangento, Lérida | 1956-02-02[52] |
| Sweden | −53.0 °C (−63.4 °F) | Malgovik, Västerbotten County | 1941-12-13[53] |
| Switzerland | −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 1987-01-12[54] |
| Ukraine | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 1935-02-08[97] |
| Wales | −23.3 °C (−9.9 °F) | Rhayader, Powys | 1940-01-21[29] |
| South America | −39 °C (−38 °F) | Valle de los Patos Superior, San Juan, Argentina | 1972-07-17[98][99] |
| Bolivia | −25.7 °C (−14.3 °F) | Uyuni, Potosí Department | 1946-08-04[100] |
| Brazil | −14 °C (7 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 1952-06[101] |
| Chile | −37 °C (−35 °F) | Coyhaique Alto, Aisén | 2002-06-21[102] |
| Paraguay | −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 2000-07-13[103] |
| Peru | −25.2 °C (−13.4 °F) | Mazo Cruz, Puno Region | 1966-06-30[104] |
| Uruguay | −11 °C (12 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Department | 1967-06-14[63] |
| Venezuela | −12 °C (10 °F) | Piedras Blancas, Merida State | ?[2] |
| Africa | −24 °C (−11 °F) | Ifrane, Morocco | 1935-02-11[19] |
| Algeria | −20 °C (−4 °F) | Batna, Batna Province | 1945-01-04[105] |
| Lesotho | −20.4 °C (−4.7 °F) | Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae), Mokhotlong District | 1967-06-12[105] |
| South Africa | −18.6 °C (−1.5 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 1996-06-28[4] |
| Oceania | −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago, New Zealand | 1903-07-18[106] |
| Australia | −23 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, Australia | 1994-06-29[107] |
| Central America and Caribbean Islands | −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Guatemala | ? [64] |
| Dominican Republic | −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) | Valle Nuevo | 2011-03-21[108] |
| Cuba | 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) | Bainoa | 1996-02-18 [109] |
| Commonwealth of Puerto Rico | 4.4 °C (40 °F) | Adjuntas Aibonito Corozal |
1989-12-28 [110] 1906-02-26 [110] 1945-01-19 [110] |
[edit] Other cold records
- Fastest temperature drop: 27.2 °C (49 °F) in 15 minutes; Rapid City, South Dakota, 1911-01-10.[71]
[edit] Precipitation
- Least per year (locale): none in recorded history; Antofagasta Region, Atacama Desert, Chile.[111]
[edit] Rain
- Most in one minute: 31.2 mm (1.23 in); Unionville, Maryland, United States, 4 July 1956.[23]
- Most in 60 minutes: 305 mm (12.0 in) in 42 minutes. Holt, Missouri, United States, 22 June 1947.[23]
- Most in 12 hours: 1,144 mm (45.0 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[23]
- Most in 24 hours: 1,825 mm (71.9 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 7–8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[23]
- Most in 48 hours: 2,467 mm (97.1 in); Aurère, Réunion, 8–10 January 1958.[23]
- Most in 72 hours: 3,929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 February 2007.[23]
- Most in 96 hours: 4,869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 February 2007.[23]
- Most in one year: 26,470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, India, 1860–1861.[23]
- Highest average annual total: 11,872 mm (467.4 in); Mawsynram, India.[23]
[edit] Snow
- Most in one-year period: 31.1 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, February 19, 1971 to February 18, 1972.[71]
- Most in one season (1 July–30 June): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 through 1999.[112]
- Largest snowflake ever observed: 38 centimeters (15 in) in diameter; Fort Keogh, Montana, United States, 28th January 1887.[71]
[edit] Wind speed
- Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) 3-second gust; Observed by a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in a tornado near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on May 3, 1999.[113]
- Fastest recorded with an anemometer: 113.2 m/s or 407 km/h (253 mph) 3-second gust; one of five extreme gusts during a series of 5-min time periods; Barrow Island (Western Australia), 10 April 1996, during Cyclone Olivia.[114]
- Fastest recorded with an anemometer outside of a tropical cyclone: 372 km/h (231 mph) sustained 1-minute average; Mount Washington, New Hampshire, April 12, 1934.[115]
- Fastest daily average: 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica, 24-hour period from March 21, 1951 to March 22, 1951.[71]
[edit] Tornadoes
Main article: Tornado records
[edit] Deadliest in history
- On Earth: Approximately 1300 deaths; Manikganj District, Bangladesh on April 26, 1989.[116]
- In North America: 695 deaths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, United States March 18, 1925.[71]
- In Europe: 600 or more (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valetta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (sources conflict)[117]
[edit] Outbreaks
- Largest and most severe: The Super Outbreak: 148 tornadoes occurred in a span of 16 hours from 3 to 4 April 1974. They affected 13 US states and Ontario, and included 24 F4s and 6 F5s, more F5s than have been reported in any other year, until 2011. There were also more significant tornadoes during that 24 hours than any other entire week on record.[71]
[edit] Tropical cyclones
Main article: List of tropical cyclone records
[edit] Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)
- Most intense ever recorded: 870 mb (25.63 inHg); eye of Super Typhoon Tip over the Pacific Ocean, October 12, 1979.[71]
- Most intense in the Western Hemisphere: 882 mb (26.05 inHg); eye of Hurricane Wilma, October 19, 2005.[118]
- Most intense ever recorded on land: 892 mb (26.35 inHg); Craig's Key, Florida, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, September 2, 1935. While other landfalling tropical cyclones have almost certainly had lower pressures, data is vague from areas other than the Atlantic basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.[119]
[edit] Other severe weather
[edit] Hail
- Heaviest: 1.0 kg (2.25 lb); Gopalganj District, Bangladesh, 14 April 1986.[120]
- Largest diameter officially measured: 8.0 inches (20 cm) diameter, 18.625 inches (47.3 cm) circumference; Vivian, South Dakota, July 23, 2010.[121]
- Largest circumference officially measured: 18.75 inches (47.6 cm) circumference, 7.0 inches (18 cm) diameter; Aurora, Nebraska, June 22, 2003.[120][122]
[edit] Lightning
- Longest lightning bolt: 194 km (121 mi) (this is questionable - see the cited document) October 13, 2001.[123]
- Most strikes per year: More than 70 per km² in parts of Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[124]
[edit] Other categories
- Highest air pressure ever recorded: 1085.6 mb (32.06 inHg); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, December 19, 2001.[125] This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level.
[edit] See also
- Extremes on Earth
- List of extreme temperatures in Canada
- UK rainfall records
- U.S. state temperature extremes
- Weather extremes in Canada
[edit] References
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- ^ Extreme Republic Hydrometeorological Institute
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- ^ (Spanish) "Datos extremos en el país y en el mundo". Retrieved 12 February 2011.. http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94.
- ^ There is another record (unofficial), of -40 °C (-40 °F), registered in Pampa Alta Pass, also known as Puesto Viejo, on the border between Argentina and Chile, on 2002-06-21. (See Extreme temperatures around the World. Retrieved on 12 February 2011.)
- ^ Boletín Mensual del Tiempo 1946, Bolivia Servicio Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 27 January 2007.
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- ^ (Spanish) Boletines Anteriores, Junio 2002, Sección de Meteorología del Departamento de Geofísica de la Universidad de Chile. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ^ (Spanish) Con 1,2 grados bajo cero en Asunción, la ola polar llegó para quedarse, La Nación. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ^ Programa de Capacitación Para la Estimación del Riesgo, Biblioteca Virtual en Prevención y Atención de Desastres (BVPAD). Retrieved 30 August 2009.
- ^ a b Bulletin Mensuel 1945, Algérie du Nord, Institut de Météorologie et de Physique du Globe de l’Algérie, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
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- ^ "Red de Estaciones Meteorológicas Automáticas" (in Spanish). ONAMET. http://www.onamet.gov.do/estaciones/. Retrieved October 26, 2011The weather station operates since 2010.
- ^ "III Congreso Cubano de Meteorología [Third Cuban Congress of Meteorology]" (in Spanish). ACQ & Asociados. p. 36. http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/red/tiempo/programa_y_articulos_en_pdf.pdf. Retrieved October 27, 2011. "Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6º C."
- ^ a b c "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://nowdata.rcc-acis.org/SJU/pubACIS_results. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
- ^ Priit J. Vesilind (Aug 2003). "The Driest Place on Earth". NationalGeographic.com. http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature3/. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/1999/wsnorcrd.htm
- ^ Center for Severe Weather Research (2006). "Doppler On Wheels". http://cswr.org/dow/DOW.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
- ^ World: Maximum Surface Wind Gust (3-Second) at the World Meteorological Organization website
- ^ "101 Amazing Earth Facts". SPACE.com. http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/101_earth_facts_030722-1.html. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ "Tornadoes in Bangladesh". Tornadoproject.com. http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/bangladesh.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ "Research: Tornado Extremes". TORRO. http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL252005_Wilma.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ "Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book". Extremeweatherguide.com. http://extremeweatherguide.com/records.asp. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ a b "Appendix I – Weather Extremes". San Diego, California: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 2008-05-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20080528065516/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherextremes.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
- ^ NWS (2010-07-30). "Record Setting Hail Event in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010". Aberdeen, South Dakota: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 2010-08-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5rhd1coDR. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found". News.nationalgeographic.com. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/08/0804_030804_largesthailstone.html. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ Cerveny, Randall S.; Jay Lawrimore, Roger Edwards, and Christopher Landsea (June 2007). "Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88 (6): 853–860. Bibcode 2007BAMS...88..853C. doi:10.1175/BAMS-88-6-853. http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175%2FBAMS-88-6-853.
- ^ "NASA - NASA Satellite Identifies the World's Most Intense Thunderstorms". Nasa.gov. http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/intense_storms.html. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ Tom Ross & Neal Lott. "NCDC: Climate-Watch, December 2001". Ncdc.noaa.gov. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2001/december/extremes1201.html. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
[edit] External links
- National Climate Extremes Committee
- Global Weather & Climate Extremes (Arizona State University)
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