Template:Infobox gallium

zinc ← gallium → germanium Al ↑ Ga ↓ In 31Ga Periodic table
Appearance
silver-white
General properties
Name, symbol, number	gallium, Ga, 31
Pronunciation	/ˈɡæliəm/ gal-ee-əm
Element category	post-transition metal
Group, period, block	13, 4, p
Standard atomic weight	69.723(1)
Electron configuration	[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 3 (Image)
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	5.91 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	6.095 g·cm−3
Melting point	302.9146 K, 29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F
Boiling point	2477 K, 2204 °C, 3999 °F
Heat of fusion	5.59 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	254 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1310 1448 1620 1838 2125 2518
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	1.81 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 578.8 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1979.3 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 2963 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	135 pm
Covalent radius	122±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	187 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 270 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	40.6 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 1.2 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 2740 m·s−1
Young's modulus	9.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.47
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	60 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-55-3
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of gallium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 69Ga 60.11% 69Ga is stable with 38 neutrons 71Ga 39.89% 71Ga is stable with 40 neutrons

References

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