Template:Infobox phosphorus

silicon ← phosphorus → sulfur N ↑ P ↓ As 15P Periodic table
Appearance
colorless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules center left, chunk center right), and violet phosphorus
General properties
Name, symbol, number	phosphorus, P, 15
Pronunciation	/ˈfɒsfərəs/ fos-fər-əs
Element category	nonmetal
Group, period, block	15, 3, p
Standard atomic weight	30.973762(2)
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 5 (Image)
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	(white) 1.823, (red) ≈ 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69 g·cm−3
Melting point	(white) 44.2 °C, (black) 610 °C
Sublimation point	(red) ≈ 416 – 590  °C, (violet) 620 °C
Boiling point	(white) 280.5 °C
Heat of fusion	(white) 0.66 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	(white) 12.4 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	(white) 23.824 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure (white)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapor pressure (red, bp. 431 °C)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1 , −1, −2, −3 (mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.19 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 1011.8 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1907 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 2914.1 kJ·mol−1
Covalent radius	107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Miscellanea
Magnetic ordering	(white,red,violet,black) diamagnetic
Thermal conductivity	(white) 0.236, (black) 12.1 W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus	(white) 5, (red) 11 GPa
CAS registry number	7723-14-0
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of phosphorus
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 31P 100% 31P is stable with 16 neutrons 32P syn 14.28 d β− 1.709 32S 33P syn 25.3 d β− 0.249 33S

References

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