Template:Infobox silicon

aluminium ← silicon → phosphorus C ↑ Si ↓ Ge 14Si Periodic table
Appearance
crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces Spectral lines of Silicon
General properties
Name, symbol, number	silicon, Si, 14
Pronunciation	/ˈsɪlɨkən/ sil-ə-kən or /ˈsɪlɨkɒn/ sil-ə-kon
Element category	metalloid
Group, period, block	14, 3, p
Standard atomic weight	28.0855(3)
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 4 (Image)
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	2.3290 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	2.57 g·cm−3
Melting point	1687 K, 1414 °C, 2577 °F
Boiling point	3538 K, 3265 °C, 5909 °F
Heat of fusion	50.21 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	359 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	19.789 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1908 2102 2339 2636 3021 3537
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3 , 2 , 1 -1, -2, -3, -4 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	1.90 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 786.5 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1577.1 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 3231.6 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	111 pm
Covalent radius	111 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	diamond cubic
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 103 Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	149 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 2.6 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 8433 m·s−1
Young's modulus	185 GPa
Shear modulus	52 GPa
Bulk modulus	100 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7
CAS registry number	7440-21-3
Band gap energy at 300 K	1.12 eV
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of silicon
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 28Si 92.23% 28Si is stable with 14 neutrons 29Si 4.67% 29Si is stable with 15 neutrons 30Si 3.1% 30Si is stable with 16 neutrons 32Si trace 170 y β− 13.020 32P

References

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