Template:Infobox sulfur

phosphorus ← sulfur → chlorine O ↑ S ↓ Se 16S Periodic table
Appearance
Lemon yellow sintered microcrystals Spectral lines of sulfur
General properties
Name, symbol, number	sulfur, S, 16
Pronunciation	/ˈsʌlfər/ SUL-fər
Element category	nonmetal
Group, period, block	16, 3, p
Standard atomic weight	32.065(5)
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 6 (Image)
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	(alpha) 2.07 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(beta) 1.96 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(gamma) 1.92 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	1.819 g·cm−3
Melting point	388.36 K, 115.21 °C, 239.38 °F
Boiling point	717.8 K, 444.6 °C, 832.3 °F
Critical point	1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusion	(mono) 1.727 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	(mono) 45 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	22.75 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2 (strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 999.6 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 2252 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 3357 kJ·mol−1
Covalent radius	105±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) (amorphous) 2×1015 Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	(amorphous) 0.205 W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus	7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness	2.0
CAS registry number	7704-34-9
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of sulfur
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 32S 95.02% 32S is stable with 16 neutrons 33S 0.75% 33S is stable with 17 neutrons 34S 4.21% 34S is stable with 18 neutrons 35S syn 87.32 d β− 0.167 35Cl 36S 0.02% 36S is stable with 20 neutrons

References

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