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[edit] Epidemiology
Spontaneous pneumothorax is more common in males than in females. The annual age-adjusted incidence of PSP is 7.4 per 100,000 in males and 1.2 in females.[1][2] In secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, the annual age-adjusted incidence is 6.3 per 100,000 for males and 2.0 for females.[3][4] Risk of recurrence depends on underlying lung disease. Once a second episode has occurred, there is a high likelihood of subsequent further episodes.[5] Smokers have an increased risk of contracting a first spontaneous pneumothorax of approximately ninefold among women and 22-fold among men compared to non-smokers.[6] The incidence in children has not been well studied,[7] but it is estimated to occur at an annual incidence of 5 to 10 per 100,000.[8]
Death from pneumothorax is very uncommon (except for tension pneumothorax). British statistics have revealed an annual mortality of 1.26 per million per year in men and 0.62 in women.[9] Mortality is higher in older people and in those with secondary pneumothorax.[5]
[edit] References
- ^ Levine DJ, Sako EY, Peters J (2008). Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 1519. ISBN 0-07-145739-9.
- ^ Light RW (2007). Pleural diseases (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 306. ISBN 0781769574.
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedFishman1520 - ^ Light RW (2007). Pleural diseases (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 315. ISBN 0781769574.
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedTschopp - ^ Bense L, Eklund G, Wiman LG (1987). "Smoking and the increased risk of contracting spontaneous pneumothorax". Chest 92 (6): 1009–12. doi:10.1378/chest.92.6.1009. PMID 3677805.
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRobinson - ^ Sahn SA, Heffner JE (2000). "Spontaneous pneumothorax". New England Journal of Medicine 342 (12): 868-74. doi:10.1056/NEJM200003233421207. PMID 10727592.
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
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